Globalization

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IntroductionGlobalisation is defined by the IMF (The International Monetary Fund) as the increasing integration of economies around the world, predominantly through trade and financial flows. The term sometimes also refers to the movement of people (labour) and knowledge (technology) across international borders. The term globalisation has come into common usage since the 180s, reflecting technological advances that have made it easier and faster to complete international transactions. (World Bank Policy Research Report Overview, 00)Understanding globalisationGlobalisation can be understood as having economic, political and cultural dimensions where companies are selling products the same way throughout the world, treating it as a single market. It is the process of business structuring in a worldwide market; creating growth and profit opportunities in production and distribution. Globalisation can also be seen as the process of rapid economic integration between countries, and increasing international trade and foreign investment has further driven it. (World Bank Policy Research Report Overview, 00)

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Globalisation refers to the many ways in which society is being drawn together by the international flow of goods/services, capital and information. (World Bank, 00) The global economy assumes a kind of uniformity of demand and insight about products that operates separately of local cultural, political and traditional values and beliefs. It involves the impact that human interactions, among social and economic life, have on the natural environment and it refers to the worldwide consciousness about the human and natural world as a whole. Thus, since globalisation became such a big factor of international business and industry, it ushered in a new era of political, economic and social debate in the history of humankind. Humanity had to grapple with the dichotomy of globalisation, in time recognizing both the benefits and the drawbacks associated with globalisation. Hence over time as society became more conscious and educated about the world economy, etc. and the level of awareness about globalisation was raised questions around the consequences of globalisation were soon being posed. The question; is globalisation good or bad? was increasingly being asked.This essay will therefore discuss the value of globalisation to the world. It will focus on very pertinent issues that have been debated in the area of globalisation. These include aspects involving the drawbacks and benefits of globalisation.The Drawbacks of Globalisation A key drawback of globalisation is that first-world countries misuse and abuse poorer and struggling third world countries. First-world super power companies and corporations see people in third world countries as cheap and inexpensive labour that can easily be controlled and manipulated. This misuse of people is easily allowed because people (labour) in struggling countries do not have the choice to use or cannot afford legal protection when companies endorse dangerous working conditions. It is also allowed for the reason that labourers in third world countries are poor and desperate for money and will work for much less than people who are skilled and educated.National job losses in the multinationals country of origin are another significant drawback. The majority of union employment depends on the manufacturing and industrialized division of the economy. This sector has been most negatively affected by globalisation as international companies and corporations increasingly take advantage of unskilled cheap labour abroad, especially in low waged countries. (World Bank, 00)Environmental organisations are against one of the drawbacks of globalisation because they believe that it sanctions and promotes policies which enable multinationals to escape trade-barriers on business practices. These organisations accuse corporations and companies of dominating the politics of third world governments. They believe that globalisation economic super powers easily and knowingly exploit the environments of struggling third world countries. Poorer countries are easily convinced to ignore laws about air pollution and environmental harvesting when it benefits the economies and their nations financial system.Another unfortunate drawback of globalisation is the fact that small non-international businesses have no way of competing with multinational companies and corporations. Small businesses do not have the resources, funds or capital to compete. There would be no way a little corner shop would be able to contend with a multinational corporation.Poor nations and their advocates' argument against globalisation is that free trade is a benefit for wealthier nations at their expense. This is because tariff barriers are necessary for economic development. They also argue that the World Bank's lending policies force poor countries to adopt economic policies which benefit only their wealthier trading partners. This is obviously a negative aspect associated with globalisation. (LeGraina, 00) As can be seen from the above, there are negative consequences associated with globalisation policies. While the principle in and of itself seems fair and benign, the ramifications of globalisation on vulnerable countries and people are significant and sometimes severe. While this essay, thus far, has discussed the adverse aspects associated with globalisation, there are benefits that go along with globalisation. These will now be focussed on.The Benefits of Globalisation For less developed third-world countries, globalisation offers access and contact to foreign capital, global export markets, and advanced technology while breaking the domination of inefficient and protected domestic producers. Faster growth, in turn, promotes poverty reduction, and higher labour and environmental standards (Free Trade Org., yr unknown).While globalisation may confront government representatives with more difficult choices, the result for their citizens is greater individual freedom and choice. In this sense, globalisation acts as a check on governmental power that makes it more difficult for governments to abuse the freedom and property of their citizens.Most people in poor struggling countries know that huge multinationals bring in investment, jobs and products they can use. They know that these companies give away millions of dollars a year by paying taxes, employing people and setting up scholarship programs. Many corporations set up campaigns such as anti-AIDS materials or cancer research as marketing strategy but that actually does help others in the end. (LeGrainb, 00)To uncover further benefits one can pose the question; is globalisation really that bad? It is certainly considered a negative consequence when multinationals misuse and exploit labourers in third world countries by making them work long hours and underpaying them. However, according to (reference), these conditions are slowly being improved. Devils advocates' argue that a job with bad working conditions is much better than not working at all and thus not having an income. The fact is that people in struggling countries usually do not have the skills or education which opens the way to find good jobs and therefore settle for what they can find, no matter the working conditions. In many cases the alternative is to exist below the poverty line, or as subsistence farmers. Thus, in this way, it can be argued that the job that comes with globalisation has more positive consequences than the alternative. However, it can be further counter-argued that just because the consequences of globalisation are in some cases 'better' (but still not perfect) than the existing conditions, it should not necessarily be judged as a 'good' outcome. That is, globalisation as a new politico-economic ideology should be judged according to high benchmarks and standards, so that the current poor state of the world economy and the mistakes which brought us here, especially in developing economies, are not repeated (or at least minimised).Furthermore, according to a study done by John Charles (18), it is seen that as the global economy grows the pollution of world environments keep falling. Some of the statistics he uses to back up his statement are persuasive Between 170 and 17, the U.S. population increased 1 percent, vehicle miles travelled increased 17 percent, and gross domestic product (GDP) increased 114 percent - yet total air pollution actually decreased by about 1 percent. In the North American manufacturing sector, the pounds of material used dropped from ,750 pounds of packaging per gross production unit in 18 to approximately ,100 pounds in 1-4.Charles' (18) reason for the decrease in environmental pollution over the years is the fact that market competition imposes a never-ending drive for efficiency and innovation. Since pollution results from the waste of a resource input, rising industrial efficiency results in lowered pollution. This argument however does not excuse the fact that multinational misuse struggling countries by not taking greater care to control the damage and pollution to their environments.Globalisation has the potential to do immense good. Freer trade makes companies and countries richer. Foreign opposition keeps multinationals competitive, new technologies are designed and spread faster and countries specialise in what they do best and sell to others (international trade). "Freer markets of foreign investment and technology" can help improve other countries to. (LeGraina, 00) If poor countries get richer the global economy could rise as richer countries gain new markets for their products.Globalisation and South AfricaThe optimistic liberal scenario is that economic growth will spread across the world and that technological transfer would facilitate the spreading of the gains of globalisation to all parts of the world. Meanwhile, advanced countries invest heavily in poor nations, whose poverty declines. "And growing middle classes clamour for more democracy" (Samuleson, 00).Unfortunately the world economy works differently in reality. These benefits do occur but have not reached the entire globe, especially poorer third world countries. South Africa is one of them. In 14 South Africa was sharply divided and it was experiencing a high unemployment rate among socio-economic groups. But South Africa was determined to do the right thing economically by committing itself to becoming a global citizen and to play by free trade rules. South Africa has since privatised its big companies, such as Telkom and SAA, so as to attract foreign capital. It also eased exchange controls and the Rand became more competitive.According to Sibuyi (001), South Africa did everything it needed to do (and did it correctly) to become a 'global player' but it did not benefit from globalisation. There was no record of better economic growth, no increased levels of employment, no rise in incomes and no foreign capital and investment came flowing. (Subuyi, 001) There have been some benefits Industries are a lot more efficient and technology continues to play a transforming role on the South African economy. However, the drawbacks far outweigh these benefits. Employment and income levels have declined, industries, such as the textile industry, have been completely wiped out and the Rand has continued to fall. South Africa had failed to fully benefit from globalisation.ConclusionThus, as can be ascertained from the above discussion, there are benefits as well as drawbacks associated with globalisation. The advances made for humanity through globalisation have been significant to poor countries and struggling economies. However, the drawbacks associated with globalisation in the shape of the misuse of struggling third world countries for cheap labour, and the damage to the environment etc. are also significant. This inconsistency that globalisation has brought the world makes it very challenging to decisively say that globalisation has been and entirely adverse or entirely favourable thing. I recognise the benefits that society has derived from it. Poorer countries have benefited from it in many ways, and they have benefited better from it than if globalisation had not existed. It is for this reason that I recognise the value that globalisation has brought the world and thus would have to agree that globalisation is a useful thing. This however is not an endorsement of some of the drawbacks previously discussed. Perhaps the true effects of globalisation on humanity can only be judged sometime in the future. That is, perhaps the negatives and positives associated with globalisation will 'work themselves out' over time and a true judgement of the globalisation ideology can be made. ReferencesCharles, John A (18) The Environmental benefits of Globalisation. Cascade Policy Available http//www.cascadepolicy.org/..%5Cpdf%Cenv%5Cglobalisation.htm [18 May 00]Free Trade Organisation. (yr. unknown) The Benefits of Globalisation. Free Trade Organisation Available http//www.freetrade.org/issues/globalisation.html, [18 May 00]International Monetary Fund (000) What is Globalisation? IMF Available www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/exrp/what.htm, [18 May 00]LeGrain, Philippe Free to Choose What Kind of Globalisation Do We Want? (Reader pp. 56-67).Open World/The Truth About Globalisation. Great Britain Abacus; 00. (LeGrain.A)LeGrain, Philippe Giants with Clay Feet Why Companies Don't Run the World (Reader pp. 68-77) Open World/The Truth About Globalisation. Great Britain Abacus; 00. (LeGrain.B)The New Wave of Globalisation and its Economic Effects. In World Bank Policy Research Report. Globalisation, Growth, and Poverty Building an Inclusive World Economy. A co-publication of the World Bank and Oxford University Press; 00.Overview (Reader pp. 7-17). In World Bank Policy Research Report. Globalisation, Growth, and Poverty Building an Inclusive World Economy. A co-publication of the World Bank and Oxford University Press; 00.Samuelson, Robert J (00) Deflation The Global Economy's downside. Washington Post, 4 September. Available online http//www.globalpolicy.org/globalisation/econ/00/00deflation.htm, [18 May 00]Sibuyi, Nkosana (August 001) Branding South Africa to the Global Village. Government Communications and Information Centre. Available www.gcis.gov.za/docs/publications/buamag/0008_4-5.pdf, [18 May 00] Please note that this sample paper on Globalization is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Globalization, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on Globalization will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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David Jones 3

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Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in David Jones 3, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your David Jones 3 paper at affordable prices!1.0 Introduction

David Jones (DJ) is a long history department store in Australia; it opened on the year 188. It is not only Australia¡¯s oldest department store, but the oldest department store in the world still trading under its original name. In the year of 000, 'the millennium began with David Jones reentering the Western Australian market, introducing the David Jones shareholder Rewards program and launching the David Jones website.' (http//www.davidjones.com.au/about/story_of_djs.jsp?SID=HomeDJStory) In the about same time, David Jones opens the Food chain. David Jones launches the eTailing and Foodchain in this year, the simple reason is provide service for their customer in some new ways. In June 00 they announced that they were to close their online operations and would also close Foodchain in same time.

.0 Industry analysis

.1 Retailing

David Jones is a typical traditional retailing department ¨Cstore. There are some troubled giants of retailing. For David Jones, 'In 000-01, David Jones recorded sales of $1.55 billion, up 5.8%frome $1.46 billion in 1-000. Same store sales, however, decreased 0.%. Profit also fell, with retail Earning Before Interesting and Tax down 17.8% from $58. million in 1-000 to $47. million in 000-01.' (brw.com.au/stories/00107 /11685.aspx) The poor retailing, increased competition, confused strategy and bad management are reason of decline profit. From the all of retail-industry analysis showing, department should be provide the new retailing approach following this situation. In this time David Jones launches the eTailing is possible and necessary.

. eTailing

Business models involving e-commerce changed during the year 000. In this year, an Internet war has been declared in Australia¡¯s retailing industry. Such as ColesMyer¡¯s Colesonline, which is integrating bricks and mortar business with its online operations. Myers, Kmart and target and David Jones were the first, third, fourth and fifth most popular sites. The second most popular sites, D-store, is now owned by retailer Harris Scarfe.

.0 Why DJ launched their new business in that time

David Jones launch the e-Tailing in the year 000 that timing is right, at that time 'clicks and mortar' is the compelling business model for retail; second, David Jones has the key assets and competitive edge required to compete successfully as a clicks and mortar player.

In the year of before 000, David Jones took a long-term view of e-commerce and had developed a strategically sound approach that was focussed on generating returns for shareholders. After considerable analysis and research, DJ focussed on building strong relationships with their customers through understanding exactly what they want in a traditional retailer, as well as a new economy e-retailer, and delivering on it. DJ have developed a multi-channeled e-commerce strategy aimed at capitalizing on the powerful David Jones brand and exploiting the latest technologies to deliver the best service and products to their customers. In the time, DJ have been developing growth strategies, which can be broken down into four key areas, Brand delivery is one of 4 key areas that mean is developing a multi channel brand delivery capability. David Jones On-line is being used to provide an opportunity to customers who cannot currently readily access the brand. It puts is on touch with a broader audience and give their existing customers another way to enter the stores.

The second key area for growth strategic is brand leverage. It will leveraging the brand to service their customers in new way. David Jones already has a strong capability in the food area. Foodhalls that is before the Foodchain, it produces some $100 million a year in turnover. DJ¡¯s target market is shopping for food more often as a result. Foodchain is very different to Foodhalls and concentrates on meal solutions, it provides everything from fully and partially prepared solutions to fresh produce. There is also a wine and spirits component, a small amount of grocery and a sit down and relax area. DJ plan to have a chain of around 40 within five years. From the marketing research, the total Australian market for food consumed at home is worth in excess of around $60b annually. If DJ achieve 40 stores on the ground it is possible Foodchain could account for around $500 million of turnover per annum or less than 1% of the total market. DJ will occupy a very specific niche designed to service the food needs of our core customers. Propose for David Jones provide the e Tailing that is get more approach for community with customer and get more benefit among the more and more competitor.

In the second reason for launches e Tailing and Foodchain, in 000 the Australian government increase the GST, David Jones going to extend their business, they want to make more profit form food marketing by this way to make more revenue.

Form above analysis for David Jones¡¯s eTailing and Foodchain. The reason for failure in 00 is the result of following First, David Jones knew that eTailing was a new way of reaching new customers that wouldn¡¯t be possible thought the traditional store structure.

In the other hand, David Jones aim for a narrower group of customers such as yuppie clients, offering them better service and products than other retailers. It didn¡¯t work. That is the reason why DJs¡¯ Foodchain ate itself. (www.davidjones.com.au)

4.0 Causes of DJ¡¯s Failure

In the mid of year 000, David Jones launched Foodchain and almost in same period DJ launched online retailing. DJs Foodchain business lost $ 0 million during the progress performed the business while on the other hand the online retailing division lost $ 7 million in less than three years time. There are DJ stores around Australia, which the central office needs to maintain the overall business activities. Foodchain was a concept that created by an overly ambitious former DJs CEO Peter Wilkinson respond to the competitive markets 10s in order to fixation it¡¯s market share with other growth companies.

4.1 Causes of failure on Foodchain business

Since the Foodchain concept is apply to all of the DJs branches over Australia same period of time, it is important for DJs to had a clearly ideas on the needs and wants of the different market segment. But DJs had neglected on doing precise market research. Operating first Foodchain David Jones store is great but there is troublesome of DJs due to did not analyze research the consumer needs or market demand before starting operating the Foodchain store. This is because in some store many gourmet foods had been thrown out because it has been expired or too much in supplying the food. DJs should get to know more about customer needs and wants by doing a survey so that can get to understand the customers better by gathering all the respond and feedback from the potential respondents. In applying the strategy to choose the location, DJ also put the foodchain store in poor location. That is make customer do not know about the existence about DJ foodchain store.

The second major that caused DJs fails on Foodchain strategy, DJ in operating Foodchain stores they provide varieties of gourmet food, Liquor and wine component. But the some of the products that they offer seems like more expensive than other retailer. In order to survive in this competitive market, most of the retail markets fight with each other by offering low price on their retail products. In order to gain the customer satisfaction DJs should provide more promotional tools such as give more big sales or discount, in order to attract customers to come to the stores. With this, it will result in the possibility of capture more profitability from potential customers.

DJ major business does not have an impact from Foodchain disaster, DJ may apply the right concept for perform the their major business (Department store). Since the first day the foodchain is launched, DJ use only few advertise to promote the Foodchain stores rather than promote the major business because the brand name of DJ is already well established and they think no need to spent to much expenses on advertising Foodchain stores.

4. Causes of failure on online business

David Jones in performing online business, DJ offering the same product in internet shopping with they offer in department stores, and it make customer prefer to buy straight in DJ than order from internet shopping. Internet shopping is not popular when it launched because many customer still prefer have a sensitive touch, see, feeling the product to consider to purchase, rather than buy in internet shopping. Except during a Christmas period DJ offer Christmas Hamper that can not be buy in department store only can be purchase through internet shopping. Due internet shopping only gain profit between Christmas period so DJ decided to quit from internet shopping or online retail.

David Jones Online business is the business-to-consumer eCommerce. Upmarket retailer DJs launched its Internet shopping site on the 16th October 000. The online store seems like do not attract those customers that fit the normal demographic of typical DJs customer. According to the DJs 00 Asia-Pacific Shopping Centre Conference, DJs main target customers are mainly female, those aged 0 ¨C 54 years, people that already married with children, with tertiary education, for those that employed full or part time, manager or professional type roles, and finally the most important is those that has above average income customers.

(http//www.propertyoz.com.au/data/events/papers/SCCA/Peter%0Wilkinson%0David%0Jones%0Ltd.pdf.) About one-third of the online user navigate to the site is coming from people in their 0s. This segment of customers has an affinity with dealing online business. It is the failure of DJs on launching online business due to it never doing well research on whether the target customers are the user friendly of online business or not.

5.0 Recommendations

In this case, David Jones absolutely did a wrong decision-making and took a wrong strategy for their new expanded business of Foodchain and online sales. Therefore, their profit margin has been low in past years and the price of their shares also has declined so that they have to shut the new business.

However, they can gain some experiences from the failure in this time. Internet still keeps developing and eTailing would become bigger in the marketing field in the future. Thus, they still have the chance to develop their online sales again in the future and they would success had they selected a correct marketing and management strategies. In fact, DJ launch their eTailing in 000 is a fit timing to develop their e-Business, the main cause that made them failed was they did not analyze the industry environment and did not select a good, fit strategy to develop their new business.

There are some suggestions for DJ that may be useful in the future as below

1. They should do the strategy analysis first, which means they should analyze the whole industry environment and analyze internal skill and resources as well. According to Viljoen and Dann (00), strategy analysis involves the gathering and use of information to ascertain the strategic position of the origination. Strategic analysis requires managers to recognize all the major forces at play in their industry and to decide whether the opportunities or the threats to the organization. (Viljoen and Dann, 00, p7) Marketing research is very important for an organization do some strategies decision making. DJ also have to analyze the environment before they run the Foodchain and online sales, they have to know what situation they may will into and who their competitors is. And how the competitors did before DJ run the similar eTailing business.

. If they repeat running the Foodchain in the future, they can emphases supply some special food that can not be found in normal supermarkets. And they can not make similar positioning with Coles or same level like Coles supermarket in the marketing, because DJ brand is in a higher level and they must put their business in the higher level which would fit their brand.

. In the future, DJ may repeat running the business in the future, because people can not leave IT at the moment. It would be a major industry in the future if it keeps going. Online sales are the same as traditional marketing sales in fact, eTailing also need an effective marketing strategy to make it can be successful. For DJ, they can only put limited products in their online sales, which can not be purchased in the DJ department store. People only can order in the Internet and DJ will deliver to buyers. They also need to do more ads and marketing promotion to introduce their online store to make reputation that DJ not only doing the department store, but also they also can do the online store as good as well. Their online products should also be high class and value products that can represent DJ¡¯s brand. They have to focus or target the higher income and middle age customers, because they normally are busy and have no free time to shop around which force them do a fast shopping. Online shopping maybe a good choice for them, because they can buy a high value product that fit their taste and preferences and these products can not be bought in a general store.

6.0 Conclusion

David Jones failed running on the eTailing and Foodchain business because of they took wrong strategies launch the new business. If they can follow a correct strategic management process that includes strategic marketing plan, internal management plan, strategy evaluation and control, they would not fail on the business. Strategic management is very important for every organization no matter it is small or huge, it can help the organization to get their organizational goal and missions.

Electronic Commerce is one of the most important aspects of the Internet to emerge. It allows people to exchange goods and services immediately and with no barriers of time or distance. However, the road to creating a successful online store can be a difficult and confusing one if organizations are unaware of the concepts and principles behind eCommerce. The trick to entering this market smoothly is to find out what the organization need to do before they have to do it. (http//www.online-commerce.com/) The eTailing business belongs to eCommerce industry, the firm also has to analyze the whole eCommerce environment and decide a good strategy to do the business before they decide to do it. DJ¡¯s failure can give many experiences to other department stores that plan to launch eTailing or eBusiness, and they also can avoid the wrong thing that DJ did before. This illustrates the fact that teat marketing should be an integral part of any company launching a new product or getting into a new market.

7.0 Reference

Viljoen, J. & Dann, S., (00), Strategic Management, 4th Ed., NSW, Pearson Education Australia

00 Asia-Pacific Shopping Centre Conference

http//www.propertyoz.com.au/data/events/papers/SCCA/Peter%0Wilkinson%0David%0Jones%0Ltd.pdf (Accessed 7th September 00)

Business Review Weekly

brw.com.au/stories/00107 /11685.aspx (Accessed 5th September 00)

David Jones website

http//www.davidjones.com.au/about/story_of_djs.jsp?SID=HomeDJStory (Accessed 5th September 00)

www.davidjones.com.au (Accessed 6th September 00)

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Euthanasia - A comparison

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Euthanasia raises many questions in morality, medical ethics and the law. There is an ongoing struggle to make euthanasia legal. Advancement in technology has also contributed to the debate of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. Bloyd describes euthanasia as meaning good or happy death. It involves allowing or helping a terminally ill person to die, for the sake of relief from suffering (15). Supporters of voluntary euthanasia argue that it is all right to help someone end his or her life, as long as that person has a good reason for doing it. However, other people think that it is wrong to legally kill and take away an innocent life. According to Faye Girsh, the Hemlock Society and the majority of polled Americans believe that providing physician-assisted dying to a terminally patient who requests it, is a humane and compassionate option that should be legalized. She points out that it will be cruel, even barbaric to make a suffering person, whose death is inevitable, live longer than he or she wishes. As part of their job, doctors are there to help all patients in any possible way. In the case with the terminally ill, only physicians can prescribe some medication to help with suffering, and in doing so, fulfil certain patients wishes. A physician may also aid in the dying process, when prescribed substances cannot control suffering. The patient would also have a better state of mind, knowing that they have options when the pain becomes unbearable, instead of having the anxiety of not knowing how much longer one would have to suffer and watch the family suffer, which also adds to the burden of the illness (6-76; ch. ). With added stress and worrying about when the final day will come, a person may get more sick, and develop unnecessary symptoms. Kohl and Kurtz believe that society has no genuine interest or need to preserve the terminally ill against their will and that the right to beneficent euthanasia, with proper procedural safeguards, can be protected against abuse (6). On the other hand, many people believe that Euthanasia should not be legalized, for it will harm the society. Instead of terminally ill patients having a right to die, they will see their illness as a burden to family members, which leads to their duty to die (Torr 7). As a result of euthanasia becoming legal, there would be many deaths of people who want to die, and even those who do not, but they were just told by the physician or a family member that that is the best available option. Not only would one individual be affected, but the society as a whole, because people may choose euthanasia even if they are not terminally ill, but instead have depression or some curable disease. In such a case, those are the people that need hospice care (where someone is on call for the patient at all times), not euthanasia, or an easy way out to committing suicide. In many countries, Euthanasia is legal and accepted. Some of these countries include the Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany, Uruguay and Norway. Hollands policy may work for that country, but it may not be successful if applied to the United States. For the United States, the New Oregon Death with Dignity Act was passed in 14, marking just a beginning. Derek Humphry argues that euthanasia is justifiable and ethical. A person should not be allowed to suffer if he or she does not want to. In the later days of the illness, a person may be given so much drugs to ease the pain that they loose consciousness, but their quality of life lowers, affecting loved ones around them (17-; ch. 1). John Shelby Spong believes that, We are aware that life can today be prolonged by managing pain with pain-killing drugs, but that relief is sometimes achieved at the price of the destruction of the patients mind of the loss of the patients capacity to relate to other human beings in a meaningful way. Every person has their individual rights, so they should also be granted that right of choosing their death, under the right state of mind (41, 44; ch. 1). Due to the advancement of medical technology, Spong also thinks that euthanasia does not violate Christian and other religious beliefs. Although the church could have taken a firm position on the topic in the past, the present brings about new changes and views. Due to the advances of modern medicine, God cannot only control death (The Ethics Of Euthanasia 0-4).

Online essay help on Euthanasia - A comparison

Although individuals may have the right to make decisions concerning the welfare of their lives, they had no control over their birth, therefore their death is not up to them. Based on Judea-Christians beliefs, one of the fundamental values includes not killing or taking the life of someone else, even voluntarily (Meilaender 1-). Among the traditions that oppose euthanasia, the three main ones are Judaism, Roman Catholicism and Protestant (Childress 11; ch. 6). In Ronald Otrembas point of view, it will be unethical to legalize euthanasia because life is valuable. The practice will also lead to the death of many others, for example, once one terminally ill patient requests euthanasia, the handicapped may follow, along with others who do not need it. According to Otremba, the value of life is based on the principle that God is the sole creator of life and has sovereign authority over life and death (1-). The value of life should not be judged merely by the physical, emotional and social characteristics, but instead, on the whole as being a human and having life. Good judgment does not necessarily portray morality. In such a corrupt society, people think about themselves and not how they may harm or benefit society as a whole. Legalizing euthanasia would not lead to involuntary killing. Defined in Euthanasia moral and pastoral perspectives, Richard Gula states that involuntary euthanasia is killing a competent person for the purpose of relieving suffering without first obtaining their consent. With the proper safeguards in place, the abuse of legalized euthanasia can be prevented. The slippery slope argument is associated with Nazi Germany. Under the dictatorship of Adolph Hitler, many people were persecuted because of disabilities, the color of their skin or other stereotypes that would consider a person as not being pure for Hitlers society. In an essay by Gerald A. Larue, he states that the United States is a democracy and individuals are free, so the slippery slope pattern cannot develop in America. Human rights are protected, as long as the government is of the people, for the people and by the people, and so long as the national ethic endorses the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness for all citizens (14-1; ch. ). Jack Kevorkian is a well known name associated with euthanasia and physician assisted suicide. Through his death machine called the Mercitron, Jack Kevorkian has help to kill hundreds of patients. However, Torr stated that Wesley J. Smith, a staunch euthanasia opponent, points out that approximately 80 percent of Kevorkians victims were not terminally ill (85). This defeats the purpose of euthanasia, since it was meant to be for only those who are terminally ill. Such a case shows that the process can lead to abuses within society. Safeguards in preventing abuse might not be adequate enough. Euthanasia has been established in the Netherlands for some time, and it has moved from physician assisted suicide, to active euthanasia to involuntary killing (Torr 88). Some terminally ill patients have tried to commit suicide. When unsuccessful, the patient can become more ill and try even harder, leading to violent attempts at times. With the help of a physician, the situation can be prevented. The Hippocratic Oath is the traditional vow made by most physicians. It states that physicians should use treatment to help the sick, […] but never with a view to injury and wrongdoing (Wekesser 100). The Oath also states that physicians should follow the method of treatment that would benefit the patient, based on his or her ability and judgment (Bloyd 0). Patients depend on the advice and help of their physicians because they are the only ones who may be able to help them. Timothy Quill believes that the relationship between physicians and patients will improve if euthanasia is legalized (101; ch. ). Terminally ill patients will feel better knowing that they have options available and if not in a total vegetative state (brain dead), they will be able to relate with medical professionals better also. At some point in time, some sick people often find it hard to take some of the prescribed medication, due to the method of taking it (for example, swallowing), or the high dosage (Bloyd 6). With the help of a doctor and euthanasia, a person may not have to go through all that torture and suffering. In helping a terminally ill patient, Timothy Quill proposed the following guidelines for doctors to followFirst, the patient must, of his or her own accord, clearly and repeatedly request to die rather than continue suffering. Second, the patients judgment must be clear. Third, the patient must have a condition that is incurable and associated with severe, unrelenting, unbearable, suffering. Fourth, the doctor must make sure that the patients suffering and the request are not the result of inadequate treatment for pain, anxiety, and depression. And last, another doctor who is experienced in treating the pain, anxiety, and depression sometimes felt by the terminally ill should be consulted. (Bloyd 76)These requirements would set a precedent as to whether euthanasia is being practiced for the right reasons; thus there would be no harm if it were to become legal. Physician, Ezekiel Emanuel points out that by doing the procedure over and over again, doctors would become more comfortable, and it would it help the purposeless lives of those suffering (Whose Right to Die 7). Euthanasia is prohibited under the Hippocratic Oath in several ways. Even if the disease is formidable and the person is completely take over by the disease, the physician is still supposed to treat the patient. The Oath states that I will not give poison to anyone though asked to do so, nor will I suggest such a plan (Sulmasy 6; ch. 1). No matter how close a person may be to dying, physicians should not assist in their death. By taking ones life, physicians may be seen as God (Torr 47). Whereas some people think that the doctor-patient relationship may improve, the opposite might happen. Instead, the patient would be more afraid of the doctor, loosing their faith and trust in his/her practice, because the choice which he/she has given them, is death. The patient may not be ready to face such a challenge (Dougherty 70). Hospice care is a program in which the dying person is cared for in the comfort of his or her home with family members and other caregivers providing support, care and counseling for the patient. Whereas in the hospital, the patient is only treated with drugs to cure pains, hospice provides everything else to ensure that a persons final days are well spent (Anderson 66-7). On the other hand, Vicki Brower argues that hospices may not always provide the best care for the dying patients because of a lack of money, poor medical supervision, inadequate personal training and a rigid philosophy that compels people to accept death rather than embrace life (74). Hospice is not for everyone. It may be a substitute to legalizing euthanasia, however, those that cannot benefit from such a program may want to have euthanasia as an option. Each human being is different, therefore each death is unique in its own way. For some, the subject is very emotional, thus ones judgment is bias, but for others, they stand by their beliefs and morals, and not accepting change in the developing society. In conclusion, if euthanasia were to become legal, we would not know about the consequences or what problems would arise. However, if euthanasia remains as a debatable topic, we would not be able to face the challenges and deal with situations that would or would not have come up with such a topic. Bloyd, Sunni. Euthanasia. San Diego Lucent Books, 15.Childress, James F. Religious Viewpoints. Regulating How We Die. Ed. Linda L. Emanuel. Cambridge Harvard University Press, 18. 10-147.Dudley, William, ed. Death and Dying opposing viewpoints. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1. Anderson, Patricia. Hospices Provide the Best Care for the Terminally Ill. Dudley 66-7.Brower, Vicki. Hospices May Not Provide the Best Care for the Terminally Ill. Dudley 74-81.Emanuel, Ezekiel. Whose Right to Die? Atlantic Monthly March 17 7. 18.Gula, Richard M. Euthanasia moral and pastoral perspectives. Mahwah, New Jersey Paulist Press, 14.Kohl, Marvin, ed. Beneficent Euthanasia. Buffalo Prometheus Books, 175. Leone, Daniel A, ed. The Ethics of Euthanasia. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1.Torr, James D., Euthanasia. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1.- - -. ed. Euthanasia Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 000. Larue, Gerald A. Legalizing Euthanasia Would Not Lead to Involuntary Killing. Torr 14- 1.Girsh, Faye J. Voluntary Euthanasia Should Be Legalized. Torr 6-77.Humphry, Derek. Voluntary Euthanasia is Ethical. Torr 17-.Spong, John Shelby. Euthanasia Does Not Violate Christian Beliefs. Torr 40-45.Wekesser, Carol, ed. Euthanasia Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 15. Dougherty, Charles J. Legalizing Euthanasia Would Harm Society. Wekesser 64-71.Meilaender, Gilbert. Euthanasia Cannot Be an Ethical Individual Choice. Wekesser 1-8.Otremba, Ronald. Euthanasia is Unethical. Wekesser 1-.Quill, Timothy E. Physicians Should Assist in Euthanasia. Wekesser 101-104. Please note that this sample paper on Euthanasia - A comparison is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Euthanasia - A comparison, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Euthanasia - A comparison will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Reason Not Religion

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Reason Not ReligionObservations and inferneces from real life perceptions My entire lifeI have been a Catholic and have attended Church regularly with my

College Essays on Reason Not Religion

family, always believing in God and the stories and tales of the Bibleas pure fact that happened long ago, and of Jesus being the savior,etc.Just this past month I attended a Presbyterian church service with myelderly grandmother in Johnstown, Pennsylvania. The church was small tobegin with, and only about one-third of the seats were filled. I wouldhave to say that at least 5% of the people were all over 65, with veryfew young couples at all. My grandma made a comment on the lack ofyoung people who attend the masses now, and she kept referring to thefact that recently less and less young couples and families everattended church.At first I thought that this church would then seriously have to closeits doors when the current majority of the parishioners died, but thenI realized another aspect of human behavior and psychology.The characteristic that I see and hear so much about that many humanstend to possess and practice, is the fact that they become closer togod the older they get. Why is this? It is because of one of thesame big reasons that we even have to have religion in the first placefear about death and what happens to us afterwards. These people seemto be turning to the kind of thinking that inspired the dichotic ideaof PASCAL^S WAGER. Even if these people were not very religious duringtheir younger years, we can now see a trend of a large section of ourcountry^s population starting to attend church more and more and becomemore religious as they grow older. What inspires this shift?--plainand simple, the fear of uncertainty.QUESTIONING ONES BELIEFS MUST GO BEYOND JUST WONDERINGWhen I used to attend Church regularly their was a priest who was anextremely good speaker and extremelyintelligent. Even though he was a Catholic priest, serving as the pastorof an extremely large church, he had thecourage and brains to disagree with some of the rigid dogma setup andenforced by the Vatican. I remember onesermon he gave that has greatly influenced me since, and I am very happyI was fortunate enough to hear it. Inthis certain sermon he talked about his thoughts on it being good forteenagers and youth to question theexistence of a God in their world. He talked at length about thisquestioning and finished up the speech with thesummation that even though we can question, it all comes back to God.I continued to believe in this way for a very long time. That there weremany questions concerning the actual andtrue existence of God, however due to certain things like the design ofthe world, everything had to relate back toan almighty creator. Just recently I have started to realize the problemwith my previous concept of questioning,as well as this particular priests. In the manner that he was referringto this concept, he was very right in the factthat everything has to come back to God. The reason that this is trueis due to the fact that just questioning isexactly that if all we do is say to ourselves, is Gee I wonder?, thenwe of course will not be able to come up withany alternative except to continue believing in the existence of agod.Questioning one^s faith must not only encompass asking yourselfepistemological and metaphysical questions,but we must explore, learn, and above all gain knowledge about theevidence and the arguments from both sidesof the debate. We must have dialogues with others who believe the sameas us, as well as those who share acompletely different, even blatantly contrary view. Only by these meanscan we ever come out with a greaterunderstanding of the issues surrounding the questions about theexistence of a supreme being. If this procedureis followed and we always continue to learn and accept new, validinformation then we will eventually find ourown sense of the truth, and our own philosophy for our lives.MY JOURNEY TO FIND THE TRUTH, AND SUBSEQUENT LEAP OF REASONThis past year I really started examining my own beliefs and faith inGod. As I read Homer^s Iliad, informationabout Mithra (Jesus^ immediate mythological predecessor), and many othersources that put questions in my mindabout the validity of my faith, I began to seriously doubt whether Godwas something just made up by humanssince the beginning of time to explain their world, or was really thetruth.I am sure now in my mind that the images and symbols used to representGod and initially gods, werecontrived simply to explain phenomena of the planet, mysteries of life,and to satisfy that extremely strong need ofhuman beings to feel important. This past point I feel is the mostpivotal in understanding the human race^smajority view of the existence of a supernatural power. There are somany people today that of course we can^t allhave jobs that most would consider important and help lead the holderof that job toSELF-ACTUALIZATION, so a god makes up for that. It is written andspoken by Christians and the Biblethat all human beings are equal and that they are all loved the same byGod, therefore everyone is extremelyimportant because the maker of us all values them on par with everyoneelse. A respected businessman whohas worked for his fortune is the same as a neurotic drug addict beggingfor money; often times the former is seeneven as more evil.THE FALLACIOUS ARGUMENTS FOR THE EXISTENCE OF A GODIn my quest to find the truth about the existence of a God, which willalways be going on and never end, I havealso made it a point to study those arguments which are manyphilosophers^ and theists^ base for their belief in analmighty creator. I will begin by explaining the thought that goes intoeach argument, and how the people whomare proponents of these such arguments validate their claims. I willthen therefore proceed to point out themistakes that I believe each of them makes, some more than others. Thesethree main arguments are as followsTeleological Argument for the Existence of GodThe teleological argument for the existence of God is one that uses theactual existents we know in reality, in thiscase the entire planet and universe, and uses these in a somewhat welldeveloped theory for the existence of agod.The simplest way to define this argument is to use the simple analogy ofa clock maker to a clock; or intelligentdesigner to an intelligent design. This is the conscious basis for atheory that states that due to the fact that welive and exist in a wholly technical and advanced-level world wherethings such as the existence of life andhumans are very intelligent, then there must be an intelligent creatorthat first shaped us all and everythingaround us. This theory has been changed and developed even more over theyears into modern versions.The main ideas that I find inherently wrong with this argument come fromthe fact that first theists believe thatGod just exists and always has, however he too would be an intelligentbeing, and according to the teleologicalargument itself, would He then not necessitate an intelligentdesigner? And so on and so forth^Å Thereforetheists who believe in the existence exists idea in terms of a God,and also tend to endorse the teleologicalargument, are contradicting themselves because of a conflict in whichthe premises of their two parallel beliefs areat odds. Those making this contradiction must check their premises.Another more abstract theory that can act to somewhat disprove thevalidity of this argument is that of theOSCIALLATING UNIVERSE THEORY. This theory in a nutshell states thatthe universe is constantly eitherexpanding or condensing, as long as matter is present in the universe. Acorollary of this theory also says thatthere is substantial evidence that the universe has expanded to itslimit and then shrunken down again into onepoint of infinite density, temperature, and curvature, only to explodeagain (the big bang), a total of 100 times!With the potential of an entirely new universe being created each timethis has happened, with the potential ofcompletely different laws of physics and the behavior of matter, thenthere is definitely the increased possibility ofour planet simply existing and being able to support life by a chancecreation of the universe we live in, created bythe current expansion and creation that has been happening for anestimated 10 billion years. The fact is, with thatmany worlds being created over time, there is a sure chance that out ofall those planets created, at least one, ours,could support life.The Ontological Argument for the Existence of GodThe Ontological argument for the existence of a God is more complex,and more utterly unfounded then the one,previous argument that we have examined. This argument basis its entireproof on floating abstractions madeabout the brain of man, his conscious, and the things it is unable todo. This argument is commonly referred to St.Anselm, its primary creator. The argument goes like this We all havesomewhat of an image or idea of what Godis in our minds, even atheists who don^t believe in any god still havesomewhat of a conception of what agod, if one existed, would have to be like and capable of. Ourconception of a God is fairly limited because toconceive of a being so great and powerful is hard for us to do in thefirst place. Anselm holds that because we cantherefore conceive nothing greater than God, one must exist.Let^s look at that in simplistic form due to the fact that I canneither think nor conceive of anything greater thanthis entity, the particular entity which I can not go beyond thereforemust exist. How absurd of an argument isthis? Its only foundation lies on some unconnected idea of aphilosopher, randomly applied to reality. The mainproblem that I have with this argument is that it takes a rule and lawof reality and reason, and applies tosomething that we simply can have no conclusion ever made on whileliving on earth. If I say that there is nothingworse and more scary that I can conceive of beyond death, so thereforedeath must exist, I am right because deathdoes exist. In this case the ontological argument for the existence ofdeath works. How do I know itworks?--because I can see and perceive death in reality and I can knowit beginning with my sense perceptions.The existence of, and my knowledge of death, is hierarchical. Howeverthe concept of God can^t not be tracedback to basic sense perceptions (where all concepts must be originallyderived from), and is therefore unable to begrounded in reality and truth. In order to gain higher knowledge ofsomething as complex as a God, we fist mustperceive basic facts of reality. There are no basic facts of reality toperceive when it comes to the concept ofGod.Think of any concrete that almost all men believe in and their can be noreal intellectual debate about without oneof the parties being totally irrational in even disputing the fact^×thatconcrete concept can be traced back to thetraced down on through the line directly to man^s ability to perceive.God^×this concept can not be brokendown into anything close to reality and perception. It is because ofthis fact that even if you do believe in God,in order to retain any sense of being able to think, you must remainagnostic. If we refuse to recognize the fact thatthe existence of God is impossible to perceive, then human knowledgewill perish into an abyss of unconnectedand unsupported beliefs in irrational and ungrounded faiths, which wewill fool ourselves into believing is reality.The Cosmological Argument for the Existence of GodThe Cosmological argument hinges on a property which is a corollary ofthe axiom of existence. This law is the lawof causality^×which states that all things that occur do so because theyare caused. The proponents of thisargument then take this law, which we apply to every day reality onEarth, to the beginning of the universe. Theysay that the universe just couldn^t have existed for all time, but thatit would have to had been created just likeeverything else. They then take these beliefs even farther when theyassert that the process of creation andexistence can not be infinite in either moving forward, or lookingbackward.For instance, these people believe that God created theuniverse^×therefore the universe has a cause. Howeverthey do begin to get into contradictory waters as soon as they areconfronted with the fact that they believe oftheir God^s existence^×was God created too? No^×they say that there has tobe some beginning that just was andalways will be^×there can be no infinity in either going forward, and noinfinite progression backwards throughages of cause after cause. This first contradiction is plain and obviousto the educated interpreter of the argument,the others are more deeply involved with other problems.If these people believe in the phrase existence exists when it comesto their God, then why can^t this just beapplied to something such as the universe? Why do we need a fancifulGod to explain the beginning of theuniverse when the cosmological argument already asserts that things cannot simply progress or regressinfinitely? The reason is due to the concepts we discussed earlier ofthe need of human self-actualization andthe reassurance of an afterlife where we can finally fully enjoy ourhumanity and existence.This argument is right in one respect the very entity that initiallycreated the universe itself was not caused orcreated. In this correctness however they fail by failing to correctlyidentify that thing which did create theuniverse^×it was not God, but something which contained the entireuniverse and still is a part of that universe.(FOR A CLARIFICATION OF WHAT I AM REFERRING TO HERE, READ THIS.)FINAL CONCLUSIONSMy final conclusions so far in my quest to understand the basis forbeliefs and proof for the existence andnon-existence of God are short, small, and completely unfinished. Theyare my final conclusions for this paper,at this point in my life. One^s true final conclusions on these matterswill only be able to made some day if there issome place, perhaps not necessarily a heaven, where we will have time tothink and reflect on what we havelearned during our lives, and perhaps even after them.For now I know that no matter what paths we follow as human beings onjourney to cognitive understandingabout God, we must always remain agnostic for the complete duration ofour mortal lives, primarily because ofthe lack of a hierarchy of knowledge which we can see and deduct for theconcept of God. Finally, we must alllearn as much as we possibly can and can volitionally motivate ourselvesto in order to understand this debateand conflict in human belief. Please note that this sample paper on Reason Not Religion is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. 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Enivronmental Analysis Paper (Restaurant:Roys La Jolla)

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Environmental Analysis PaperRoy's La JollaOverview Roy's La Jolla is located in University Towne Center, the eastern part of La Jolla also known as the Golden Triangle. It is a fine dining restaurant originating in Hawaii, specializing in a Hawaiian Fusion cuisine and known for it's aloha spirit and warm friendly atmosphere. Hawaiian Fusion is defined as the use of traditional French cooking techniques, infused with bold Asian spices, with an emphasis on the freshest seafood. I will be addressing and identifying the salient aspects of the environment as they pertain to the market area of Roy's UTC location. The market area for Roy's refers to the combined areas of Pacific Beach, La Jolla, Del Mar, Encinitas, Oceanside, Mira Mesa, and Poway. General EnvironmentEconomic Dimension The state of our economy is salient to the restaurant industry in that it affects customer spending. The population size in San Diego is growing faster than the state average. The market area is projected to grow annually at a compounded rate of 1. percent to reach 04,550 by 005. Household size for the market area averages .17 which is 7 percent below the state average. The median household income of the Market Area was $50,50 in 000 and is projected to reach $60,000 by 005 (www.sdchamber.com). Despite the September 11th tragedy, the war on Iraq, and the SARS epidemic; the economy in San Diego has continued to show growth, although at a slower pace. San Diego's gross domestic product (GDP) is projected to increase by .5 percent in 00 (www.sdchamber.com). Although San Diego's economy has been mostly dominated by military and defense industries; telecommunications, computer software, biotechnology, and professional services industries are becoming increasingly dominant resulting in an increase in jobs and a boost to the economy. This means a higher demand for dining out whether it is business or pleasure. Due to the North American Free Trade Act agreement (NAFTA), international trade has generated billions of dollars for this region yearly. In addition, San Diego, "America's Finest City" is a popular destination for travel and tourism, an important aspect of it's growing economy. Visitors spend about 8 percent on dining out, almost as much as the 0 percent they spend on lodging. Technological Dimension There are many salient advances in technology that will make restaurant operations smoother and more efficient. There is a growing demand for more speedy meal service due to the increasingly fast-paced lifestyles in San Diego today. The use of the internet for operations like; information websites, online reservations, ordering takeout or carry-out meals, and managing office paperwork will be increasingly used by most restaurants in the future. Some companies developing this software are; Foodline.com based in New York and Micros Systems Inc. (Belman, Restaurant USA). The integration of point-of-sale (POS) systems with online reservation systems which can be used to provide a unique and specialized dining experience for each individual by recording guest information (preferences, frequency, etc.) into a database and having it accessible when needed (Panitz, Restaurant USA). The use of "smart appliances" in restaurants is projected to take place in the next five years. Appliances that will self-diagnose and alert an employee or even the appliance company itself when there is a problem or maintenance is needed. Appliances like "smart refrigerators" are in the works that will take inventory and order the items needed via an internet connection. Improvements in food flavoring technology and various methods of biotechnology to further enhance the appearance and shelf life of the produce will also gain popularity in the coming years (Panitz, Restaurant USA).Political/Legal Dimension In the restaurant industry, there are numerous rules and regulations that must be followed in order safely operate a public eating establishment. The Alcohol Beverage Control (ABC) is a big player in regulating the sales and consumption of alcoholic beverages. The ABC goes so far as to send undercover and/or underage agents into restaurants to ensure that the business is operating legitimately. These agents watch for underage consumption of alcohol as well as the allowance by an employee of over-consumption by a guest. Restaurants are legally held responsible for events that might occur as a result of the alcohol consumed in their establishment. Federal agencies like the Internal Revenue Service monitor payroll activities in addition to paying close attention to the amount of tips claimed by employees. The state of California has one of the highest wage rates in the nation currently at $6.75 per hour, an increase of more than forty percent since 16. The high wage rate in California results in fewer jobs, less hours, and fewer benefits (www.calrest.org). State agencies like the Fire Department and the San Diego Department of Public Health regulate safety in the restaurant by performing routine inspections on sanitation, food safety, and working conditions. Socialcultural Dimension Due to the high cost of living in San Diego, many two-income households occupy the market area. This trend suggests that time is a commodity and dining out is becoming more and more of a necessity. Many individuals today dine out as a source of entertainment, relaxation, and socialization. With the growing health awareness in Southern California, there is a rising demand for healthier meal options when dining out. It is beneficial for any San Diego business to have the ability to adapt to the diverse cultures inhabiting San Diego. For example, Southern California has a growing Hispanic population, therefore knowledge of the Spanish language is important in communicating with staff members and efficiently carrying out restaurant operations.

International Dimension The restaurant industry commonly uses ingredients and products that are imported from other countries. San Diego also sees many international travelers come through year round. Many are traveling to San Diego for business and others for pleasure.Task Environment Competitors The restaurant industry is not only costly but extremely competitive. There is a plethora of fine dining restaurants in La Jolla alone not to mention the surrounding areas. Roy's La Jolla is in direct competition with every fine dining restaurant, primarily those that specialize in seafood. Roys' competitors are Caf Japengo, 808 Restaurant, Roppongi, Tapenade, Crab Catcher, Chart House, Fish Market, Flemings, George's at the Cove, and Pacifica Del Mar. All of these restaurants pose as a threat in that they all consist of a fine dining atmosphere and are similar in menu prices. The two restaurants that pose the biggest threat for Roy's are Roppongi and 808 Restaurant. Both of these restaurants specialize in pacific rim style seafood dishes. 808 Restaurant is located just around the corner from Roy's in the Hyatt Aventine Center and their chef is world renown from Hawaii, much like Roy's founder, Roy Yamaguchi. Like Roy's, 808 offers various fresh fish and "sushi style" items. The other salient competitor is Roppongi, located in downtown La Jolla near the cove. Roppongi's corporate chef Steve Windows was formerly an executive chef at Roy's in Seattle, as a result, many of Roppongi's menu items are extremely similar if not the same as Roy's. Their price point is similar to Roy's as well as their capacity and quality.Customers Roy's La Jolla serves a diverse clientele ranging from twenty-five to fifty years in age. The Market Area of Roy's has an average annual disposable income of $56,000. The UTC area of La Jolla is occupied by numerous business parks and the large UTC mall. Because of this, Roy's caters to many business professionals and shoppers. Many women frequent Roy's because of their health conscious and light style of food. Patrons of Roy's La Jolla are generally middle to upper class due to the fine dining atmosphere, menu price, and strategic location. Regulators The Alcohol Beverage Control (ABC) requires that proper zoning, environmental, building, and liquor distribution permits be obtained in order to sell and serve alcohol in public establishments. These rules vary from state to state. The ABC takes measures to ensure that these rules are abided by, for instance, they send underage and undercover agents into restaurants to observe transactions to make sure that operations are legal and just. If they are not, suspension of a license may result and in some cases they may even revoke it completely. In which case, a restaurant cannot operate successfully. The Fire Department and the San Diego Department of Public Health also take part in regulating the restaurant industry. They conduct random health inspections grading items like, sanitation, proper refrigeration and storage of food, and proper cooking and food preparation techniques. The Labor Board and OSHA are also salient in that they provide rules to protect the rights, well-being, and equal opportunity of employees. Presently in California, an initiative has been proposed to change the method of assessing overtime pay in the restaurant industry (www.calrest.org). Currently, any employee exceeding eight hours of work in a day must receive payment at the overtime rate, normally time and a half. Strategic Allies The Outback Steakhouse Corporation is in a joint venture partnership with Roy's La Jolla.Outback Steakhouse Corp. owns 50 percent of the company. Suppliers Roy's La Jolla goes through numerous suppliers for their products. The most salient suppliers are; Sisco, Fish.com, Valley Isle Seafoods, Specialty Produce, Libby, Dudson, and Syracuse. Sisco provides Roy's with most of their dry goods like; canned food, dry food (flour, sugar, spices), and toiletries (toilet paper, paper towels, and soap). Much of Roy's fresh fish comes from Hawaii through two suppliers named Fish.com and Valley Isle Seafoods. The majority of Roy's produce is obtained locally from a San Diego company called Specialty Produce. Specialty Produce goes so far as to grow specific produce that Roy's needs that they may not already offer. Roy's china is distributed from Syracuse and Dudson. Lastly, silverware and glassware are ordered from Libby. Labor Market The restaurant industry is one of the nation's largest employers aside from government. In San Diego alone, services employ about thirty-five percent of the San Diego workforce. San Diego has many Universities, therefore the restaurant industry has a large labor pool of college students. Demographically speaking, the typical employee in food service occupation in 1 was 58% female, 5% were under the age of 0, 67% were single, and most worked only part-time.Labor Unions There are no salient labor unions at Roy's La Jolla.External Owners There are no salient external owners that do not take part in the day-to-day activities or policy setting. Internal EnvironmentOwners (internal) The Outback Steakhouse Corp. owns fifty percent of the company and is involved in business operations at Roy's. Roy Yamaguchi Enterprises owns the other fifty percent. Every Roy's restaurant has a "Managing Partner" and a "Chef Partner," these are like general manager positions only they own a small portion of the company as well as stock in the Outback Steakhouse Corporation. Fred and Myrtle Lee along with Vince and Judy Sykes are original investors in Roy Yamaguchi Enterprises, but Roy Yamaguchi himself is the majority shareholder. Board of Directors The Board of Directors consists of five members Chris Sullivan - founder and CEO of Outback Steakhouse, Bob Merritt - CFO of Outback Steakhouse, Roy Yamaguchi - founder and CEO of Roy Yamaguchi Enterprises, Terry Lee - Roy's corporate attorney, and Carl Hayes - owner of a few Outback Steakhouse Restaurants.Employees Many of the front of the house employees transferred into Roy's La Jolla from other Roy's restaurants, primarily the Hawaii locations. These individuals help in instilling the aloha spirit in all of Roy's employees. The majority of the employees are male and single. Because Roy's is only open for dinner, many of the employees are college students between the ages of 1 and 8. Roy's emphasizes an "aloha" spirit and "ohana" (family) style of service. Organizational Culture Roy Yamaguchi's dream is to "create a Hawaiian Fusion culinary culture that perfectly harmonizes the most interesting aspects of the world's cuisines, delivers an irresistible dining experience, and work with good people in the spirit of ohana. Ohana is the Hawaiian word for family and means relationships that are genuine and supportive with deep feelings of belonging, caring, and trust (Roy's Training Manual). Roy's implements this goal using nine principles called "Roy's Way."Personal Principles1. Aloha - welcoming and acting toward people with genuine kindness, warmth, caring, and generous spirit.. Humility - accepting and appreciating good fortune with grace and showing quiet confidence.. Respect - having reverence for the diversity, individuality, rights, and worth of people.4. Kokua - being of service, telling the truth, and enhancing and protecting what is valued by others.5. Energy - having a sense of urgency to do what needs to be done. 6. Fun - enjoying work and doing it well.Performance Principles7. Quality - having very high standards and acting on them with conviction.8. Mastery - combining intensity, craftsmanship, creativity, good taste, and an understanding of the marketplace in order to create value.. Courage - being strong in difficult moments and honoring our ohana, history, traditions, and Roy's Way (Roy's Training Manual).Physical Work Environment Roy's La Jolla is a beautiful and colorful restaurant that has a warm island atmosphere. All the staff members take a great deal of pride in the restaurant and work hard to keep it clean and organized. Employees and management are provided with all the tools for success.

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