Team Dynamics

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Team Dynamics

Richard D. Parker Jr.

Gen-00 Skills for Professional Development

Mr. Ed Virden

September 8, 00

Team Dynamics 1

The purpose of this paper is to define and describe the inner workings of a team

which is referred to as Team Dynamics. Examples of how groups interact are contained

herein. Teams are put together to perform specific task. They know why they are there,

what they have to do and what the expected outcome of their efforts will be. In order to

discuss Team Dynamics we must define what is a team, its characteristics and types.

What Is A Team?

Not everyone who works together or in a close proximity belongs to a team. A team

is a group of people who are independent with respect to information, resources, and

skills and who combine their efforts to achieve a common goal.

Characteristic of Teams

• Teams exist to achieve shared goals. Simply put, teams have work to do. Teams

produce outcomes for which members have collective responsibilities and reap

some form of collective reward.

• Teams members are independent regarding their assigned task. Team members

are interdependent in regards to common goals. Interdependence is a hallmark

of teamwork. That means that team members cannot achieve their goals single-

handedly, but instead, must rely on each other to meet shared objectives.

• Teams are bounded and stable over time. . Bounded ness means that the teams

have an identifiable membership, as well as non-membership.

Team Dynamics

• Team members have the authority to manage their own work and internal

processes.

• Teams operate in a social context. They are not an island unto themselves,

they often alongside other teams.

Types of teams

There are three general kinds of teams that organizations use to achieve their

Goals

• Teams that form naturally form work units, doing the day-to-day work of the

organization.

• Task teams address a specific problem or opportunity.

• Management teams are drawn from people who direct operational or

organizational units.

Team Dynamics 4

Team Dynamics

For every group of people that to come together for a common purpose, there are things that influence the group as a whole. What we are about to discuss is group

behavior or Team Dynamics. We found that The Abilene Paradox on page 181 of the book, Tools For Teams is a good example of how people can get caught up in certain behaviors because they are in a common circumstance. The following story will give a graphic example.

The July afternoon in Coleman, Texas (population 5,607) was particularly hot---104 degrees As measured by the Walgreen's Rexall Ex-Lax temperature gauge. In addition, the wind was blowing fine-grained West Texas topsoil through the house. But the afternoon was still tolerable even potentially enjoyable. There was a fan going on the back porch; there was cold lemonade; and finally, there was entertainment. Dominoes. Perfect for the conditions. The game required little more physical exertion than an occasional mumbled comment, "Shuffle 'em" and an unhurried movement of the arm to place the spots in the appropriate perspective on the table. All in all, it had the markings of an agreeable Sunday afternoon in Coleman---that is, it was until my father-in-law suddenly said, "Let's get in the car and go to Abilene and have dinner at the cafeteria.

Team Dynamics 5

I thought, "What, go to Abilene? Fifty-three miles? In this dust storm and

at? And in an unairconditioned 158 Buick? But my wife chimed in with "Sounds like a great idea. I'd like to go. How about you, Jerry? Since my own preferences were obviously out of step with the rest I replied, "Sounds good to me," and added, " I just hope your mother wants to go." "Of course I want to go," said my mother-in-law. "I haven't been to Abilene in a long time.' So into the car and off to Abilene we went. My predictions were fulfilled. The heat was brutal. We were coated with a fine layer of dust that was cemented with perspiration by the time we arrived. The food at the cafeteria provided first-rate testimonial material for antacid commercial. Some four hours and 106 miles later we returned to Coleman, hot and exhausted. We sat in front of the fan for a long time in silence. Then, both to be sociable and to break the silence, I said," It was a great trip, wasn't it?" No one spoke. Finally my mother-in-law said, with some irritation, "Well, to tell the truth, I really didn't enjoy it much and would rather have stayed here. I just went along because the three of you were so enthusiastic about going. I wouldn't have gone if you all hadn't pressured me into it." I couldn't believe it. "What do you mean 'you all'?" I said. " Don't put me in the 'you all' group. I was delighted to be doing what we were doing. I didn't want to go. I only went to satisfy the rest of you. You're the culprits." My wife looked shocked. "Don't call me a culprit. You and Daddy and Mama were the ones who wanted to go. I just went along to be sociable and to keep you happy. I would have had to be crazy to want to go out in heat like that." Her father entered the conversation abruptly. "Hell!" he said. and proceeded to expand on what was

Team Dynamics 6

already absolutely clear. "Listen, I never wanted to go to Abilene. I just thought you might be bored. You visit so seldom I wanted to be sure you enjoyed it.

I would have preferred to play another game of dominoes and eat the left-overs in the icebox." After the outburst of recrimination we all sat back in silence. Here we were,

four reasonably sensible people who, of our own volition, had just taken a 106-mile trip across a go-forsaken desert in a furnace-like temperature through a cloud-like dust storm

to eat unpalatable food at a hole-in-the-wall cafeteria in Abilene, when none of us had really wanted to go. In fact, to be more accurate, we'd done just the opposite of what we wanted to do. The whole situation simply didn't make sense

(Harvey, 174).

This story was retold in the hopes that the reader will relate to what people will do just to get along. Just getting along should not be the final arbiter of what a group is all about. Groups or teams are formed out of mutual interest. There must be honest and practical feedback from the team or group members to be effective. Weather or not they are family groups or work groups, thoughtful input is essential to the dynamic of the group In different societies that have values different from people of the United States of America; some of them work for the success of the collective. We as human beings must lay aside our personal ambitions to elevate the masses. It is not prudent to suggest change for the sake of change, but suggest change when it will improve or enlighten the group.

Team Dynamics 7

In the nineteen thirties a tyrant by the name of Adolph Hitler lead a whole nation down the path of destruction without significant resistance. He and his henchmen orchestrated the murder of millions of innocent people. Good hard working and law-abiding people stood by while this mad man and his cohorts set out to fulfill their agenda.

Hitler successfully propagandized and terrorized a whole people to work his will. If you are wondering how this directly relates to our subject, consider this In any group of

people there are variations of personality. Some are passive and others are aggressive. Those that actively seek to guide the group more often exert the most influence. Depending on what the motivation is and level of commitment to the common good, aggressive personalities can be an asset. On the other hand passive personalities can deprive the group of valuable input.

Before we go any further, an explanation of what team dynamics is will be required. Team dynamics are the invisible and natural forces that have a strong effect on the way a team operates. The effects of team dynamics are as complex as the human personality. Human relations are the biggest influence on team dynamics because it can dictate the way information is distributed among a group. For example, a group of four people, two of whom are close friends and the others are strangers to each other and the group as a whole. The two friends will readily pass information between each other, while on the other hand the strangers would be less likely to communicate freely with each other. This particular group has the potential to divide itself into two subgroups.

Team Dynamics 8

This situation could possibly alienate the members that have not developed a relationship with the group as a whole. This potential problem could cause friction in the group if information and fair distribution task are not provided.

To further clarify the inner workings of team dynamics we must explore some critical points

Safety

Team members must be free from harassment and personal attacks. There must be

mutual respect among members. This promotes and encourages freedom to express

opinions

Inclusion

Each team member must feel that he or she is a part of the group and their input is

Valued. With out this, a member will be alienated from the group.

Free Interaction

The team members must be free to interact with each other. If this does not

happen the team will not be as effective as it could.

Team Dynamics

Appropriate Level of Independence

Autonomy is valued in our society. The freedom to go about performing assigned

task in away which suites the individual, brings out the creativity and uniqueness of

the group member, which can enhance the overall success of the group.

In conclusion Team Dynamics are not a readily identifiable aspect of how people work together. Much care should be taken to insure that each member has significant participation. Mutual respect and consideration are important keys to its success. Well-defined goals reduce confusion and open lines of communication head off misunderstanding. In today's work place teams have replaced the need for mid-level management. Therefore employees have more responsibility and a greater sense of autonomy. The introduction of the team concept has allowed for greater diversity and the creation of fresh ideas. REFERENCES

NYS Governor's Office of Employee Relations. (n.d.). Fundamental Team

and Meeting Skills. Retrieved September 00, from

http//www.goer.ny.us/Train/onlinelearnig/FTMS/100s1.html

California State University (june1, 00). Tips for Soccer Moms and Dads. Retrieved

September , 00, from

http//www.calstate.edu/faculty/dfrank/soccer/tmdynamx.htm

Brunel University (n.d.). Exploring Design and Innovation. Retrieved September , 00,

From http//brunel.ac.uk/reseasrch/exploring/etp/teamdynamics.html

VerbaCom Executive Development (n.d.). An international training company

Specializing in public speaking, executive professional development, presentation

Techniques, and international business etiquette. Retrieved September , 00 from

http//www.verbacom.com/cs4.html Please note that this sample paper on Team Dynamics is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Team Dynamics, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Team Dynamics will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Sfd

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One of the smartest people ever to live, Albert Einstein, changed our societys development forever with his views, theories, and developments. Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany on March 14, 187. He was the only son of Hermann and Pauline Kech Einstein. Einstein spent his youth in Munich, where his family owned a small electrical equipment plant. He did not talk until the age of three and by the age of nine, was still not fluent in his native language (Discovering World History). His parents were actually concerned the he might be somewhat mentally retarded. His parents concerns aside, even as a youth Einstein showed a brilliant curiosity about nature and an ability to understand difficult mathematical concepts. At the age of 1 he taught himself Euclidian Geometry. Einstein hated the dull regimental and unimaginative spirit of school in Munich (Albert Einsteins Early Life). His parents wisely thought to transfer him out of that environment. Although Einsteins family was Jewish, he was sent to a Catholic elementary school from 1884 to 188. Soon, the family moved to Pavia, near Milan, Italy after a business failure. Einstein was left behind in Munich to allow him to finish school. However, Einstein left school within six months of his solitude. Albert Einstein so thoroughly despised formal schooling that he devised a scheme by which he received a medical excuse from school on the basis of a potential nervous breakdown. He then convinced a mathematics teacher to certify that he was adequately prepared to begin his college studies without a high school diploma. However there is debate on whether Einstein was expelled from the school because he was a "disruptive influence at the school". (Discovering World History) In 185, Einstein believed that he was ready to take the entrance examination for the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School, or Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), where he planned to major in electrical engineering. When he failed that examination, Einstein enrolled into high school. He found the more "democratic" style of instruction at his new school much more enjoyable than his experiences earlier and soon began to make rapid progress. He took the entrance examination for ETH a second time in 186, passed, and was admitted to school. ETH had little appeal to Einstein, however. He rarely attended classes and hated studying for examinations, although he did graduate with a secondary teaching degree in 100. He became a teacher of mathematics and physics in secondary school (Albert Einsteins Early Life).

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As a teacher, Einstein was unable to find a regular teaching job. Instead he was a tutor in a private school .With his extra time in 101, Einstein published his first scientific paper, Consequences of Capillary Phenomena. In 10 he was hired at the patent office until 10. In 105, during a single year, Einstein produced a series of three consecutive papers. These are among the most important in twentieth-century physics, and perhaps in all of the recorded history of science for they revolutionized the way scientists look at the nature of space, time, and matter. (Discovering World History) The series of three papers dealt with the nature of particle movement known as Brownian motion, the quantum nature of electromagnetic radiation as demonstrated by the photoelectric effect, and the special theory of relativity (Discovering Science). The first paper of the series, On the Movement of Small Particles Suspended in Stationary Liquid Demanded by the Molecular-Kinetic Theory of Heat, dealt with a phenomenon first observed by Scottish Botanist Robert Brown in 187. Brown stated that tiny particles, such as dust particles, move about with a zigzag motion when suspended in water. The visible movement of particles was created by the random movement of molecules that make up the liquid. Einstein derived a mathematical formula that predicted the distance traveled by the particles and their relative speed. This formula was later confirmed by French physicist Jean Baptiste Perrin in 108. Einsteins work on the Bownian movement is regarded as the first experimental evidence of the existence of molecules. (Discovering Science) The second paper, On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light, dealt with another puzzle in physics, the photoelectric effect. First observed by Heinrich Hertz in 1888, the photoelectric involves the release of electrons from a metal that happens when light is shined on the metal. The puzzling aspect of the photoelectric effect was that the number of electrons released is not a function of the lights intensity, but of the color of the light. Einstein assumed that light traveled in tiny particle bundles called quanta of energy. The energy of any given light quantum, or a photon, Einstein said, is a function of its wavelength. Therefore, when light falls on a metal, electrons in the metal absorb specific energy, giving it enough energy to escape from the surface of the metal. The number of electrons released will be determined not by the intensity of the light, but by its energy. Einsteins hypothesis was confirmed by several experiments and laid the foundation for the field of quantitative photoelectrical chemistry and quantum mechanics. As recognition for this work, Einstein was awarded the 11 Nobel Prize in physics. (Discovering Science) The third and final paper of the consecutive 105 papers by Einstein, almost certainly the one for which he became best known, details his special theory of relativity. In essence, On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies discuss the relationship between measurement made by observers in two separate system moving at constant velocity with respect to each other. (Discovering Science) Einsteins work on relativity was by no means the first in the field. The French physicist Jules Henri Poincare, the Irish physicist George Francis FritzGerald, and the Dutch physicist Hendrick Lorentz had already analyzed in some detail the problem attacked by Einstein in his 105 paper. Each had developed mathematical formulas that described the effect of motion on various types of measurement. Still there is no doubt that Einstein provided the most complete analysis of this subject. He began to make two assumptions. First, that the laws of physics are the same in all frames of reference. Second, he declared that the velocity of light is always the same, regardless. (Discovering Science) Using these two assumptions, Einstein uncovered an unexpected extensive description of the properties of bodies that are in uniform motion. He developed a mathematics relationship between the length of an object and its velocity that had previously been suggested by both Fitzgerald and Lorentz. Einsteins theory was revolutionary, for previously scientists had believed that basic quantities of measurement such as time, mass, and length were absolute and unchanging. Einsteins work establish the opposite--that these measurements could change, depending on the relative motion of the observer. (Discovering Science) In addition to his masterpieces on the photoelectric effect, Brownian movement, and relativity, Einstein wrote two more papers in 105. One, Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Its Energy Content?" which dealt with an extension of his earlier work on relativity. He came to the conclusion in this paper that the energy and mass of a body are closely interrelated. Two years later he specifically stated that the relationship in a formula, E=mc (energy equals mass times the speed of light squared), that is now well known to both scientists and non-scientists alike. His fifth and final paper, the most modest of the five, was A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions. It was this paper that Einstein submitted as his doctoral dissertation for which the University of Zurich awarded him a Ph.D. in 105. (Discovering Science) Fame did not come to Einstein immediately as a result of his five papers. He did, indeed, submit his paper on relativity to the University of Bern in support of his application to become a privatdozent, or unsalaried instructor, but the paper and application were rejected. His work was too important to be ignored, a second application three years later was accepted. Einstein spent only a year before he took up employment as a professor of physics at the University of Zurich in 10. (Discovering World History) When Einstein, in his youth moved from Germany to Italy, he also gave up his German citizenship. He was unhappy with his native land and severed all formal connections with it in addition, by renouncing his citizenship, he later returned to Germany without being accused as a draft dodger. As a result, Einstein remained without an official citizenship until he became Swiss at age 1. (Discovering world History) Since the outbreak of WWI, Einstein was opposed to war, and used his notoriety to lecture against it during the 10s and 10s. With the rise of National Socialism in Germany in the early 10s, Einsteins position became difficult. Although he was a renewed German citizen, the two social movements which received his full support were pacifism1 and Zionism. When Hitler came to power, Einstein decided to leave Germany for the United States in anticipation of Nazi persecution (Discovering World History). He took a position at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, while he continued public support of Pacifist and Zionist goals which made him the target of vicious attacks by anti-semitic and right-wing elements in Germany (Albert Einstein). In addition he was demanded as a speaker and wrote extensively on many topics, especially on peace. The growing fascism and anti-semiticism of Hitlers regime convinced Einstein to sign his name to a letter written by American physicist Leo Szilard informing President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the possibility of an atomic bomb. This letter led the formation of the Manhattan Project for the worlds first nuclear weapons. Einstein himself did not participate in the project. (Discovering World History) We can only assume that this was due to ethical concerns. His highly principled nature was evident again in 15. After the death of Israels first president Einstein was invited to succeed him as president. He declined the offer. Despite the many other honors given to Einstein, he died a humble man. At the time of his death he was the worlds most widely admired scientist and his name was synonymous with genius (Discovering World History). Einstein was truly one of the most fascinating figures of the twentieth century and his contributions to science and mathematics have yet to be fully explored. Work CitedAlbert Einstein. Microsoft Encarta 7 Encyclopedia. Online. 1-16. Albert Einsteins Early Life. 18 http//www.humbolt1.com/~gralsto/einstein/early.html. (8 March 000). Bernstein, Jeremy. Einstein. Fontana ?, 17. Discovering World History. Albert Einstein (187-155). Online. Gale Research, 17. Discovering Science. Albert Einstein (187-155). Online. Gale Research, 17. General Theory of Relativity. 18. http//www.humbolt1.com/~gralsto/einstein/relativ.html. (8 March 000). Glasston, Samuel. Albert Einstein. Encarta 7 Encyclopedia 1-16. Later Life. 18. http//www.humbolt1.com/~gralsto/einstein/later.html. (8 March 000) Seeing, Carl. Albert Einstein A documentary Biography. Staples Press, 156. Please note that this sample paper on sfd is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on sfd, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on sfd will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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The Race Against Racial Profiling

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Imagine that it is early in the morning, and the well-dressed young African-American man driving his Ford Explorer on the interstate sees the blue lights of a State Patrol car behind him. The officer pulls behind the sport utility vehicle and the young mans heart begins to sink. He is on his way to a job interview. The stop, ostensibly for speeding, should not take long, he reasons, as the highway patrol officer walks cautiously toward the Explorer. But instead of simply asking for a drivers license and writing a speeding ticket, the trooper calls for backup. Another trooper soon arrives, his blue lights flashing as well. The young man is told to leave his vehicle, as the troopers announce their intention to search it. Hey, where did you get the money for something like this? one trooper asks mockingly while he starts the process of going through every inch of the Explorer. Soon, an officer pulls off an inside door panel. More dismantling of the vehicle follows. They say they are looking for drugs, but in the end find nothing. After ticketing the driver for speeding, the two officers casually drive off. Sitting in his now-trashed SUV, the young man weeps in his anger and humiliation.The debate over racial profiling has become a central element in a much larger history of adversarial relationships between the police and communities of color. Already-existing tensions between police and communities of color became heightened over the past two decades as allegations of racial profiling by law enforcement agents against people of color increased in number and frequency. Police departments and communities of color are now asking how they can address the controversy in order to improve police-community relations and work to become more effective in law enforcement activities. The great era of civil rights started in the 160s, with Martin Luther King Jr.'s stirring "I have a Dream" speech at the historic march on Washington in August of 16. At the same time Birmingham Police Commissioner "Bull" Connor used powerful fire hoses and vicious police attack dogs against nonviolent black civil rights activists (Driving While Black). Although these years proved to be the highlight and downfall of civil rights in America, even with the 164 Civil Rights Act and the 165 Voting Rights Act being passed, time has repeated these tumultuous events again in the present. Racial profiling has been one of many civil rights issues concerning the unnecessary stopping and arresting of people based on race, color, ethnicity and gender. Skin-color has become evidence of the propensity to commit crime, and police use this "evidence" against minority drivers on the road all the time. This practice is so common that the minority community has given it the derisive term, "Driving While Black or Brown" a play on the real offense of "driving while intoxicated". Although many law enforcement officers defend themselves by saying they are fighting against the "War on Drugs" by arresting these law offenders, recent trials and reports show that no basis of arrest have been found against these minorities (Driving While Black). Official skin-color prejudice is still reflected throughout the criminal justice system. Today, skin-color makes you a suspect in America. It makes you more likely to be stopped by a law enforcement officer, more likely to be searched, and more likely to be arrested and imprisoned. Tens of thousands of innocent motorists on highways across the country are victims of racial profiling, and these discriminatory police stops have reached epidemic proportions in recent years (Arrest the Racism).

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Fueled by the "War on Drugs", this fight has given police a pretext to target people who they think fit a "drug courier" or "gang member" profile. At many times, these minorities have been stopped and arrested for illegal offenses, however we are not sure if these stories have been filed truthfully by law enforcement officers. Many police departments face issues concerning racist law enforcement officers who cause the problems of racial profiling. One such example comes from the Hillside Police Department in New Jersey, where several racial bias charges have been made against them. Racial slurs have become common in the Hillside district, where even the department supervisor does background checks on minorities in the squad, even to kick them off the squad. In this department, only two officers are Hispanic and one is of African decent. The officers, many of whom are white, are encouraged to target minorities first to fill their ticket quotas for the month. In a recent interview with a Hillside officer, who wished to remain anonymous, defend himself and other officers by saying that "Hillside is 40 percent black and 0 percent Hispanic." However, the actions taken by Hillside officer, such as targeting to fill quotas and background checking, seem disconcerting (Nickel). The Reverend Jesse Jackson even needed to call for federal protection for whistle blowing police officers. Because of the Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act, passed this year, other officials who witness this discriminating act are protected. It says, "The identity of a law enforcement officer who complains in food faith to a government agency or department about the unlawful practices of a law enforcement agency shall remain confidential and shall not be disclosed by any person except upon the knowing written consent of the law enforcement officer. This section shall not preempt any right of confrontation protected by the Constitution of by Federal, State or tribal law." In many cases, it is difficult to determine whether the racial profiling comes from the individual law enforcer, or the department itself. Many policies have been suggested to either report these discriminatory acts, or to record the ethnicity, race, or gender of the person being stopped. However, without the correct supervision of these officers, we cannot truthfully tell whether these policies will be followed. There have been bills proposed to even make the slightest positive effect on racial profiling, yet many have been overlooked. Former California Governor Pete Wilson served as best he could to fight key civil rights issues such as affirmative action and immigrant rights, however Governor Gray Davis of California, has had a disappointing civil rights record. Although he has helped establish new civil rights gains for the lesbian and gay communities, he has also vetoed a number of bills aimed at reducing discrimination against communities of color and immigrants. SB 44, a bill sponsored by Senator Richard Polanco, encourages state and local governments to conduct outreach programs. SB 44 had bipartisan support and was previously endorsed by former Attorney General Dan Lungren. Governor Davis vetoed the bill claiming that outreach toward minorities and women would violate Proposition 0, a position contrary to recent court decisions. Davis also vetoes what has been colloquially referred to as the "Driving While Black or Brown" bill (SB 78.) The bill was proposed to combat racial profiling law enforcement actions taken simply because of the race of the driver by requiring police officers to file reports on all motorists they stop. Although former President Clinton had recently ordered federal law enforcement agencies to begin collecting this data, and a number of Bay Area police departments had similar plans, Davis saw little need to collect this information. However, the "Driving While Black or Brown" bill makes much sense to part of the solution to help decrease or even end the crime of racial profiling. As a solution to ending racial profiling, a committee should be established within the United States Government in which the committee shall oversee each county and district and department for any racial profiling. These members should be made up of civil rights organizations such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). Also, there should be advising law enforcement officers and people appointed from each civil rights division in the government. Within districts, officials shall be appointed to oversee the actions of the departments, and report to higher authorities in the committee. A committee similar to this has been formed because of the Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act of 000, called the Task Force on Law Enforcement Oversight. Each department should first make an independent audit. There have been many policies made and almost approved to make these audits mandatory for all police departments. Each person should record the following race, color, ethnicity, gender, and the reason for being stopped. Every 4 months or so, the committee shall evaluate each district and their statistics on what kinds of people are being stopped and determine which city has higher minority stopping, based on population of the area and racial crime in the area. Because Americans are segregated into communities more minorities will be stopped in certain areas than others will. Because of this problem, the committee will evaluate the area, and observe data written by law enforcement officers, to see if plausible reasons have caused the stopping of a minority. Once all data has been evaluated, the districts with the highest racial profiling rating shall complete a full audit report for the following months. Also, individual law enforcement shall be evaluated as well, to see if it is only one individual who increases the rating, rather that the whole department. If the racial profiling is targeted and found, the committee shall be the one who files complaints to the Attorney General, and that certain department or law enforcer will be detained to consequences can be established. To be able to bring these racial profilers to trial, people should not only file a complaint to the department itself, fear of the complaint being "lost", but to the committee as well so the complaint can be used as evidence. This solution can only work if districts, departments, and law enforcement officers can truthfully carry out these procedures. No matter how hard the outside world tries to find the culprit, the officer can easily protect or defend themselves because of their high position as a law protector. Many minorities are arrested with valid reason by law enforcement officers, just as white people are. But these officers can also be the targets of accusation of racial profiling. Although there have been many ideas brought up to solve racial profiling in America, there still isn't one dynamic and problem solving solution. Many bills have been passed to help and protect minorities, who can bring their cases all the way to court; however, sometimes the officers being accused are not found. Racial profiling has been a long and disconcerting problem in the United States. It will be a long time before minorities will not serve as the targets to law enforcers. The blame is almost easier to put on the minorities because of their difference to the "American Culture", as almost to say that minorities are not part of the American Culture. Please note that this sample paper on The Race Against Racial Profiling is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The Race Against Racial Profiling, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on The Race Against Racial Profiling will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Explain how Shakespeare presents the theme of requited and unrequited love in 'A Midsummer Night's Dream'

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Shakespeare presents the two types of love showing that there can be a difference in love and how types of love can affect the characters in different ways. The two types of love, requited love and unrequited love are shown through the interaction between characters. The play makes us believe even requited love can change.Act 1 Scene 1 introduces the first love triangle in the play, which also introduces the theme of contrast between the two kinds of love. The triangle is between Hermia, Lysander and Demetrius. This brings out the theme of requited and unrequited love, as Hermia and Lysander are in love, but Demetrius is also in love with Hermia'The sealing day betwixt my love and me' This starts to cause confusion in the love already and magic isn't even involved, yet. The men try and compete for the love of Hermia, but it is Lysander who she loves and she would rather be a nun than be forced to be with Demetrius who she doesn't love. Shakespeare uses symbols of love to present how true Hermia and Lysander's love is for one another. There is a clear contrast here between the love Hermia has for Lysander and that what she doesn't have for Demetrius. Demetrius has the permission of Hermia's father Egeus to marry her

'You have her fathers love' Demetrius is very arrogant towards Lysander and thinks that because he has her fathers consent, then he has the right to do what he likes.The next scene shows another change in love this is between Oberon and Titania, the change in there love is due to a rift, which is connected with trait. The lack of harmony between Oberon and Titania produces these unnatural seasons; they have power and authority to do this, as they are king and queen of the supernatural world. Dramatic irony is used here as the change in the seasons is unnatural, as it is meant to be warm in midsummer and not miserable like it is. The rift in there love is due to Titania's loyalty to the little changeling boys mother'I do but beg a little changeling boy.' Oberon is very jealous of the fact that Titania has the changeling boy and is willing to do anything to get him. He seems quite petulant, because the only reason that Oberon wants the boy is the fact that Titania has him. He is also very jealous of the attention she gives the boy and comes across as quiet cruel; he also sees love as a possession. Titania shows here how much more civilised and mature she is than Oberon, as she is more interested in the well being of the changeling boy than the rift in her and Oberon's love.The wood is the setting to which the love is tangles up and where the confusion starts to happen. It symbolises love, magic and inconstancy, as it is set at night time and this is linked in with the moon. The wood is also the first place in which all four of the lovers are seen together. Helena follows Demetrius into the woods hoping he would fall in love with her, as she tells Demetrius what Hermia and Lysander's plan is, to elope and get married in the next town, away from the Athenian law. He still does not seem to take any notice of her. Helena is very persistent as she some how manages to twist everything that Demetrius says.Hermia and Lysander fall asleep in the woods 'One turf shall serve as pillow for us both'We can see from the way that Lysander speaks here that there is going to be a change in his and Hermia's love'Thy love ne'er alter, till thy sweet life end'The change in there love is down to Oberon, who sends Puck to find a magic flower, the flowers juices, will make the person who it is applied to fall in love with whoever he or she sees first upon awakening. In this case Puck is meant to apply the juice to Demetrius so when he wakes he will fall in love with Helena, but Puck gets confused to who Demetrius is'On whose eyes I might approve'Hermia and Lysander fall asleep with a little distance between them, and Puck mistakes Lysander for Demetrius and puts the love juice in his eyes. This shows how clumsy he is, but it is also in Pucks nature to be mischievous and for things to not run smoothly. And when Lysander awakes he is greeted by Helena who thinks that he is hurt and they fall in love. This shows a comic situation, with a lot of clever language about the ironies and irrationality of love.The love comedy of sort continues, when the lovers meet up together and the men get into a fight over the Helena, as they both are now somehow in love with her, and no one is in love with Hermia any more. Helena can not believe it when this happens, she can not believe that she has usurped Hermia. This all shows what magic can do to love and cause such chaos. Hermia can not believe what has happened, and how brutal and rude Lysander is being to her, as he says that he never loved her'I evermore did love you Hermia'Hermia becomes quite offended by what has happened, and is shocked to how every one is reacting towards her'Little again? Nothing but low and little,' At this point in the play we see a different side to Hermia, as now she comes across as quite violent and threatening, as she wants to fight Helena. 'But that my nails can reach unto thine eyes.' But Helena does not want to fight her, as she doesn't have a clue how any of this has happened, this shows the maturity that Helena has over Hermia.'Let her not hurt me; I was never curst' Oberon enters and is shocked to discover Pucks mistake, but quickly solves the problem, with more magic, they have to act quickly because all magic has to happen at night, when all is meant to be returned to normal. It is only the men that are affected by the magic, as it was them who were fighting over the women in the first place, so the magic would teach them a lesson, not to intervene in requited love. Now we come to the second of the two love triangles in the play, in Act , Scene 1 this is between Titania, Oberon and Bottom, from the Rude Mechanicals. As Titania and Oberon have quarrelled over the little changeling boy, Oberon sends Puck to find a magic flower, just like he did for Demetrius, except this time the juices from it are to be applied to Titania's eyes, this is part of Oberon's plan to teach Titania a lesson, after she took the changeling boy away from him. Oberon also gets Puck to turn Bottom into an ass, so that when Titania awakes she will fall in love with him. This scene in the play brings out one of the major themes, perception, as Titania is unable to see Bottom's ugliness, she sees him as beautiful and wise, which is ironic and ultimately comical, as he is an ass an is certainly not wise or beautiful

'Thou art as wise, as thou art beautiful' It is Oberon's aim to make a fool out of Titania, and it seems to have worked as there is a clear contrast between these two characters and it seems hard to imagine two figures less compatible with each other. It is not only there eyes that are playing tricks on them, but also there minds, as the magic has a strong effect on the way it perceives different things. Bottoms use of language in this scene is comical as he always seems to get the tone wrong, and he never seems to realise it

'make an ass of me'This whole scene represents and imbalance in appearance and nature, as no one in this scene is perceived in there correct form, as magic is intervened, and always has a way of causing so much confusion, and so many mishaps.This mischief is caused by Puck who is ordered by Oberon to do this, but it is in his nature to cause all this confusion and mischief as he is a hob goblin.With all the confusion that magic has caused between the lovers, more magic has to be used to resolve the situation, so that the lovers can be symmetrically paired off

'Two of both kinds makes up four.'Puck plays a sort of cupid, and applies the magic flowers juices to Demetrius eyes so that when he awakes he will fall in love with Helena

'True delight, in the sight,

Of thy former Lady's eye'When everyone awakes the love potion is meant to return them to how they where before, but it doesn't as Demetrius is still effected by the magic, so we are never quite sure if his love for Helena is the magic's doing or it is requited love.Oberon uses magic one last time to get the changeling boy and Titania back, and to undo all of this mess in the supernatural world, and change her perception of what she sees Bottom as

'And now I have the boy, I will indo

This hateful imperfection of her eye'The Rude Mechanicals present a play to the aristocrats, about requited love, which is denied by society as it is up to the father to chose who the daughter is to marry. The play within the play is there to make the reader understand the actual play. The rude mechanicals do not understand the artifice of theatre, especially Bottom, as all at once he wants to play all the characters. Pyramus and Thisbe play the two lovers in the play within the play, and they are separated by a wall which acts as society

'O kiss me through the hole of this vile wall.'This is similar to the first act between Lysander and Hermia, as Egeus does not want them to be married. Hippolyta and Theseus are not impressed by this play

'This is the silliest stuff that ever I heard' This is due to the fact that Thesus won Hippolyta through battle, so they like Egeus do not agree with requited love.The play within the play ends in tragedy when Pyramus kills himself, and then Thisbe finds him and can not believe what she has seen

'Asleep my love? What, dead my dove?'She is confused by what she has seen, and to be with her one true love kills herself to

'And farewell friends, thus Thisbe ends;'The love between the two characters was so strong that they were willing to die for each other. The play within the play represents how true the love is between the lovers and how it doesn't matter if society denies requited love, because it is up to the two people involved how true the love is.The lovers are symmetrically paired off, and the tangle in there love for one another is resolved, and a traditional out come is achieved. The play shows what a difference magic can make to requited and unrequited love, and how mischief and chaos can be a result of this. Shakespeare presents the love showing what different effects they can have on the different characters, and how they react in the different situations that they are put in, when magic is involved. The whole play shows that all the chaos and mischief that magic causes will eventually result in love being a much stronger power than any kind of magical power Please note that this sample paper on Explain how Shakespeare presents the theme of requited and unrequited love in 'A Midsummer Night's Dream' is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Explain how Shakespeare presents the theme of requited and unrequited love in 'A Midsummer Night's Dream', we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Explain how Shakespeare presents the theme of requited and unrequited love in 'A Midsummer Night's Dream' will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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A midsummer nights dream

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The initial setting of the play's scenes is Athens under the reign of Theses and Hippolyta, who are themselves characters from ancient Greek mythology. But it must be understood that the "Athens" of A Midsummer Night's Dream is neither that of ancient Greece nor of its Renaissance counterpart, but an amalgamation of the former with the folk culture of Elizabethan England. After Act I, the play shifts to the "fairyland woods" and remains there through Acts II, III, and IV, returning to "Athens" in Act V for the concluding weddings and the performance of "Pyramus and Thisbe" by the uncouth, unskilled, but irrepressible company of Bottom and his fellow mechanicals. Act IScene i: The play opens in the Athenian court of Theseus as he looks forward to wedding his bride, the former Queen of the Amazons, Hippolyta, some four days hence at the summer Solstice. The "blocking" character of the play arrives in the form of the aged Egeus, the father of Hermia. He wants his daughter Hermia to marry Demetrius and he is vexed by her love for another Athenian youth, Lysander. Hermia refuses her father's demand, while both Lysander and Demetrius press their suits to Theseus. The wise Athenian ruler upholds the law as it stands: he first rules that Hermia must either follow her father's preference for Demetrius or remain unwed forever. But Theseus also gives Hermia and Lysander some time to accommodate themselves to his decision and then calls Egeus into a private, off-stage consultation. All the players leave save Lysander and Hermia, with the former uttering the famous sentiment that, "The course of true love never did run smooth" (I,i., l.134). Another Athenian maid, Helena arrives. She is both a (former) friend of Hermia and a rival for the affections of Demetrius, whom Hermia spurns but Helena loves. Hermia tries to assuage her friend's jealousy by revealing to Helena that she and Lysander plan to run away into the woods near Athens, leaving Demetrius free for Helena to pursue. Left alone on stage, Hermia tells us that she will attempt to gain Demetrius' favor by telling him about Hermia's plans and then following him into the woods. Thus, Lysander and Hermia are in love; Demetrius loves Hermia and rejects Helena; Helena nonetheless loves Demetrius and is jealous of her childhood friend, Hermia. This somewhat confusing arrangement is the premise for the play's comic proceedings in which the love of all four characters will be "redirected" by the magic of Puck at the behest of the Fairy King Oberon. (Jump to the text of Act I, scene i) Scene ii: With the premises of the main plot out of the way, the play shifts to another, humbler section of Athens, the house of the carpenter Peter Quince. Along with several other tradesmen (Snug the joiner, Flute the bellow mender and, most comical of all, Bottom the weaver), these unschooled amateurs intend to stage a performance of the tragic love story Pyramus and Thisbe at the wedding of Theseus and Hippolyta, with Bottom assigned the role of Pyramus. In an extremely funny scene in which the cast's inadequacies as playwrights/actors are acutely evident (Bottom wants to play Pyramus, Thisbe, and a lion to boot), the group agrees to rehearse their "surprise" play in the woods to which Lysander and Hermia have fled. (Jump to the text of Act I, scene ii)

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Act IIScene i: The setting now shifts to the woods outside of Athens and stays there through Act IV. Here we encounter the character of Puck, a mischievous spirit who has the power to cast spells and to fly at lightening speed. Also known as Robin Goodfellow (an impish spirit figure common in medieval English folk-lore), Puck speaks with one of the enchanted forest's myriad fairies before their king, Oberon (whom he serves), and their queen, Titania (whom the "lighter" fairies serve) arrive in the midst of an argument about a changeling boy whom Titania has taken but whom Oberon wants. She refuses to give the boy (who does not appear as a character) to her husband, and when she departs with her train of woodland fairies, Oberon devises a scheme to punish her through a joke. He instructs Puck to obtain a magic flower extract, which he will then apply to Titania's eyes as she sleeps. This particular drug has the power to make Titania (or anyone else) fall in love with the first warm-bloodied creature she (or he) sees upon awakening. While Puck goes on this errand , Demetrius enters, followed by the lovesick Helena. After watching Demetrius cruelly reject Helena, Oberon tells the returned Puck to use some of the same love potion on the "young Athenian" and to arrange for Helena to be the first thing he sees and falls madly in love with. (Jump to the text of Act II, scene i) Scene ii: In another part of the woods, after Titania's fairy train sings her to sleep, Oberon arrives silently and doses his wife's eyes with the love potion. The eloped lovers, Lysander and Hermia then appear, exhausted from their journey, and fall asleep. Puck enters and seeing the young Athenian Lysander alongside Hermia, mistakes them for Demetrius and Helena. Given his instructions and his error, Puck doses the eyelids of Lysander. When Helena appears in her pursuit of Demetrius, Lysander awakes, sees her, and falls in love with her, spurning Hermia. But it is not Lysander whom Helena wants, and she berates him for the fickleness of his love toward Hermia. Helena leaves in a huff, the love-stricken Lysander now chases after her, and Hermia is shocked to find him gone when she awakens. (Jump to the text of Act II, scene ii) Act IIIScene i: Nearby in these magical woods, Quince, Bottom, and the other amateurs begin their rehearsal of Pyramus and Thisbe, and more hilarity is generated as they display their abysmal ignorance of stagecraft again. When Puck comes across these "hempen home-spuns," he transforms Bottom's head into that of a jackass. Although Bottom is unaware of the change, the other rude mechanicals are frightened by it and flee. Bottom consoles himself by singing a song that rouses the sleeping Titania. She sees Bottom, donkey head and all, and falls madly in love with him. The Fairy Queen takes this ludicrous figure as her paramour, commanding her troupe to serve his wishes and whims. (Jump to the text of Act III, scene i) Scene ii: Having witnessed these proceedings, Puck reports to Oberon that their joke on Titania has been even more successful than they had hoped. But Demetrius enters followed by Hermia and he continues to spurn her. Seeing this, Oberon realizes that Puck has "dosed" the wrong Athenian youth (Lysander). Oberon tries to rectify the mix-up, by applying the love juice to a (conveniently) sleeping Demetrius, ordering Puck to lure Helena to the spot so that he will see her when he wakes up. Helena does appear, with still-bewitched Lysander pleading his love for her. Demetrius then awakens to see Helena, and now both he and Lysander are again madly in love with the same girl, but this time it is with Helena. As both profess their affections toward her, Helena interprets their love to be a jest, a conspiracy meant to mock her. When an equally confused Hermia appears in search of Lysander, Helena thinks that Hermia too is involved in a conspiracy to embarrass her. The two young women argue with and insult each other; Lysander and Demetrius do the same and stalk off to fight for Helena's hand. In a farcically complicated series of events, Oberon sees the tangle that remains and uses an antidote to straighten it out. With Puck's aid, he arranges for Lysander and Hermia to be in mutual love again and for Demetrius to remain in love with Helena. (Jump to the text of Act III, scene ii) Act IVScene i: As Oberon watches in amused delight, Titania arrives with her ass-headed paramour Bottom. Blind to both his supernatural and his natural faults, Titania welcomes him to her flowery bed, where he is pampered by the members of the fairy train but develops an inexplicable hunger for hay. Oberon tells Puck that Titania has relented on the issue of the changeling boy and that he plans to release her from the spell that has caused her to become enamored of Bottom. Puck relieves Bottom of the donkey head (that the weaver has never been aware of himself). Oberon applies a love potion antidote to Titania's eyes; when she awakes, she can only remember a "dream" in which she was in love with an ass. Titania's fairy train casts a spell of sleep upon Lysander & Hermia, Demetrius & Helena, and all of the tradesmen so that they will think that the fantastic events of the night are merely dreams. Theseus, Hippolyta, and Egeus enter in their hunt for Lysander and Hermia. Although Egeus demands that Lysander be executed, because Demetrius now loves and wants to marry Helena, the good Theseus dismisses the charges. Both of the "right" couples will be wed along with Theseus and Hippolyta. They all depart for Athens and the marriage festivities, all the tradesmen also leave except for Bottom, who then rises from his slumber and speak of a strange dream that he can only half remember. He decides to dismiss it all, concluding that "Man is but an ass" if he speaks of his dreams. (Jump to the text of Act IV, scene i) Scene ii: The other mechanicals worry about Bottom's absence and consider how it will affect their performance of "Pyramus and Thisbe" before Theseus and his bridal court. A befuddled Bottom enters and proclaims that the show will now go on. (Jump to the text of Act IV, scene ii) Act VScene i: The sole scene of the play's concluding act is given over to Bottom, his cohorts, and their production of "Pyramus and Thisbe." Although warned in advance by his counselor Philostrate that he has heard their sketch and found it to be "nothing," Theseus insists upon letting these locals entertain him, his bride, and the paired Athenian couples. "The Tragedy of Pyramus and Thisbe" is a complete farce: Bottom mispronounces the name of his beloved as "Thisne," the play has a prologue in which the characters assure their audience that they are only playing "fake" parts; both Moonshine and Wall appear on stage as personified characters. Throughout all this, Theseus, Hippolyta and the others make light-hearted comments and criticisms about the play. When the performance ends, all the mortals depart, while Oberon, Titania, and Puck appear with their fairy retinue. This provides Puck the opportunity to present the play's closing epilogue in which he thanks the audience for their kind indulgence in watching a play with a "weak and idle theme," saying that what has gone before is no more harmful than a dream. (Jump to the text of Act V, scene i) CharactersTheseus, the Duke of Athens. Hippolyta, the Queen of the Amazons and betrothed to Theseus. Philostrate, the Master of the Revels to Theseus. Egeus, the father of Hermia. Hermia, the daughter of Egeus and in love with Lysander. Lysander, the man loved by Hermia. Demetrius, a suitor to Hermia. Helena, a close friend of Hermia and in love with Demetrius. Oberon, King of the Fairies. Titania, the wife of Oberon and the Queen of the Fairies. Robin Goodfellow, a puck, a mischievous fairy who causes much of the confusion in the play. Peaseblossom, a fairy. Cobweb, a fairy. Mote, a fairy. Mustardseed, a fairy. Peter Quince, a carpenter and one of the artisans. Nick Bottom, a weaver who is transformed into an ass by Puck. Francis Flute, a bellows-mender and one of the artisans. Tom Snout, a tinker and one of the artisans. Snug, a joiner. Robin Starveling, a tailor. Please note that this sample paper on A midsummer nights dream is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on A midsummer nights dream, we are here to assist you. Your custom paper on A midsummer nights dream will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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