Julian

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The waves leaped onto shore, crashing and frothing and foaming. I stood watching absentmindedly while the wild wind blew my skirt up above my knees. I blushed and tried to smooth it down while glancing around to see if anyone had noticed. I knew what I had worn had seemed appropriate at the time, but I also knew that it could get me into trouble out here. Katie and Emily supported my choice; a light, flowing flowery skirt under a tight black tank top exposing my stomach. It had seemed a good choice. My mind raced, we were at Julian's bar overlooking the windward coast. I had been here once before on a class trip up island but we had not stayed long and we had not been allowed to drink anything. Maybe that would change now that Katie's mother brought us, she seemed very chill. I smiled, my heart racing. How long had it been since I had had a drink? Or a cigarette for that matter? Too long…I felt sure Julian would give me a cigarette and a drink or two. Julian stood inside behind the bar, smiling with those pearly white teeth of his, laughing loudly and joking with a few other Bahamians. Yes, Julian would give me a cigarette or a drink or two. Julian was my friend. He had come down-island to the Island School to teach me and my classmates how to dance. We needed to learn because the Bahamian festival of Junkanoo proved to be fast approaching. We were to partake in the festivities by making our own costumes and hats, dancing and singing the traditional songs. I did not like dancing as much as I liked drumming and when I saw Julian and his cousin Vernon playing two animal skin drums I forced myself to walk over and begin to play with them. I did not know Julian or Vernon at that time, but I was very aware of how the Bahamian men viewed any girl with white skin and blonde hair. I sucked it up, knowing that nothing could happen to me on campus. They both seemed surprised at my ability to keep a beat and shortly thereafter announced that I would be the first female to ever play drums in the Junkanoo festival. My heart had almost burst from my chest with pride. Yeah, Julian and I got along real well. I sat down to keep my playful skirt from exposing me further in front of the natives. Katie and Emily came over to join me and we began to talk. "Yo you guys, do you think Julian would give me a cigarette?""…I don't see why not," Katie replied, "He gave me a long island iced tea." She nonchalantly held up the glass for me to see."Rock on dude! So I guess your mother doesn't mind if we drink?"

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"As long as we don't act irresponsibly," Emily replied.Damn her, always the voice of reason. "I'll be right back you guys, save my seat."Not that it mattered, it was midday and the entire patio was empty. A few natives sat inside watching the satellite television, and a few more lounged on the bar, but the wind proved too much for them. It did not seem like anything special to them, they lived there, in that paradise. I stepped inside hesitantly. Julian still stood behind the bar, flashing those bright teeth. I found him to be a handsome man; 6', probably around 0 lbs, 4years old and not a bit of fat on him…well muscled and dark. His eyes were white and big with long lashes, I thought them beautiful. The men did not notice me and I stood there in the doorway, silent for a few minutes."Julian?"He was still laughing. I stepped further inside, "Excuse me, I'm sorry, but Julian could I talk to you for a second?"The men turned to look at me."Sure sweetheart, just go out front, I'll be right there."I smiled in relief, "Thankyou!"He joined me after a minute, just long enough for my excitement to build."Hey.""Hey, what you need my little drummer?"I grinned, I loved it when he reminded me of that. I felt very special."Ummm, I really hate to be out of line here…" I glanced up at him to ensure that he was watching me in a platonic way. I had become very aware of how I must have appeared to him. He looked down at me, patient, affectionate and friendly. Good old Julian, I knew I could count on him to be cool. I cleared my mind, "Do you think you might be able to give me a cigarette?" I held my breath, tasting the desire in my mouth."You sure you want one?""Yes," I nodded animatedly. I felt so guilty!"Well sure then! No problem. You want anything else?"Like what?! I wondered. "Like what?""Well, of course you can have any drink here, on the house, and…me and my boys got some pot if you want that too."My heart fluttered, NO WAY! Holy crap! Julian's gonna give me pot! It did not even occur to me that I would be betraying myself by smoking down there. There was a reason why we were forbidden to ingest any foreign substances, even cigarette smoke, under threat of expulsion. We were all there to study and grow, both spiritually and physically. "Really?" I squealed, "Would you do that for me? But I don't have any money." Fuck, how can I get some money??"Oh no, don't worry about that my little friend. It would be my pleasure.""No way Julian, that's so unfair of me!""No it's not, I have just a little bit for you and we got plenty down here.""Well…ok, but how will I smoke it?" I felt stupid, I did not have a bowl and I could not roll a joint, even if I had access to papers."Don't worry, I'll bring you two nice joints yes?" I stood there in shock, ears ringing and victory slowly seeping into my bones."Thank you so much!!""No problem, stay here and I'll be right back."I did not believe it, it was way too good to be true. I was gonna have pot! And for free! This is going to be the shit. I'm going to be the shit. Wait till I tell Katie, rock on Sarah! He returned in a few minutes and handed me a pack of cigarettes, a whole carton. "Julian are you sure?!" He smiled and nodded. What an awesome guy."I'll bring you the pot later. When I signal, come into the women's bathroom and I'll give it to you there.""Sure! Thanks so much Julian, I really appreciate it!"He turned and winked at me before disappearing inside. Heart pounding, I strode around the corner of the building and back onto the deck. Katie and Emily had gone under the tarp at the far end of the patio. They sat there with Katie's mother and our other friend, and student, Tyler. I plopped onto one of the benches and lit a cigarette with trembling hands. It tasted so bitter and dirty, it seemed I was no longer in the Bahamas and I was no longer fresh and free and I my mind had become clouded. I shook those thoughts from my mind, smiled and leaned back, good ol' cancer sticks…. I started to cough and suddenly noticed the world spinning. What a buzz! Insanity it seemed, had found me again. After I finished two in a row, I stood and went to my friends. My lungs hung heavy in my chest. I could not tell Tyler. He provided half my motivation to stay out of trouble…that kind of trouble, rather. We would do anything else, whether it entailed jumping off cliffs, running miles on our days off, spear fishing, twisting in and out of the fallen columns 0 ft underwater in the marina, climbing 50 ft banyon trees, wrestling in the sand or exploring the abandoned resort deep in the jungle with the scorpions, lizards and orb-weavers…I knew he would be ashamed of me. He hated all forms of substance induced highs, he lived for the self induced ones. I sat down and ordered some fried conch with rice. I turned to Katie and whispered what had happened. She nodded her head and kept talking with her mother. I loved her mother, she looked just like Katie but older and wiser. Long brown hair, light eyes and beautiful southern features frequently lit up with a beaming smile. I thanked her again for bringing us all here. The other parents, including mine, were further down the shore at the enchanting Cotton Beach Resort. They had all arrived for the four day "parent's weekend" and were, no doubt, enjoying the luxuries of their beach and planted palm trees. I looked out over the royal purple and turquoise ocean, knowing that some day soon I would have to leave it. I turned and glanced over my shoulder at the bar. Julian was not standing there. Then I saw him further to the left, by the bathrooms, subtly motioning to me. I squeezed Katie's hand and excused myself to the bathroom. I passed Julian in the narrow hallway and stepped inside. The girl's bathroom proved to be a tiny space filled with not much more than a toilet, sink and shadows. Julian stepped in behind me and softly shut the door. I backed up and stood with my hands behind me, resting on the sink. He rustled around in the pockets of his jeans and fished out two of the fattest blunts I have ever seen. I gasped and smiled up at him, "Thanks so much Julian you rock!""It was no problem Sarah."I took them from him and put them on the counter behind me. I did not have pockets or a bag and would have to stash them somewhere under my clothes. This, of course, I would not do with him in the room. As I turned back around I wondered why he had not yet left. Ungrateful girl, you have not thanked him enough. Stop using people that think you are their friend, try to be genuine for once! "I really, really appreciate this Julian. I have not seen this stuff since back where I live in the US, two months ago," I shook my head, "I never thought I might get my hands on some here!"He smiled, a strange gleam in his eye, "Just make sure dat no one know you got if from me.""Oh of course, of course." He still had not left and I my mind raced for another space filler. Just a few more seconds and you can run back outside, finish eating and go home. You won't have to remember this awkwardness next time you see him. It's all in your head and it'll go away soon. I glanced up from my feet to meet his eyes again. He had a strange expression on his face and I found myself suddenly mentally unable to escape the present situation. Of course I knew what was going to happen then. He stepped forward and loomed in front of me."How bout you give uncle Julian a thank you kiss."The walls zoomed in with lightning speed and I realized I could not go anywhere. He was between me and the door. I had no space to dodge or squeeze by, not that I could have anyway, that would have been very rude of me."Julian please…" I muttered almost inaudibly, "you're too old for me…"He reached for me and pulled me to him, and then his fat black lips were smothering mine. I stood there speechless, feeling my breath being squeezed out of my chest. His hands clutched me and almost immediately slid down to roughly grab two handfuls of my ass. He was breathing heavily in my ear, then his lips tore back to my cheeks, my mouth…when it occurred to me to kiss him back. His tongue violated my mouth and I awkwardly opened it a little wider while leaning into him. Sarah, you are such an idiot! You walked right into this one and now you want to back out? I mean, you met him, alone, in a bathroom for free pot. For Christ's sake, he deserves a little lovin', look what he's done for you. Be a mature woman and suck it up! But something inside me whimpered, as it always did. I kept wondering why I could not just make myself enjoy kissing him and be done with it. I grew painfully aware of his thick, throaty whispers. My stomach turned, no one will ever find me in here, I have to last this one out. Julian reached down and grabbed one of my hands, which had been dangling, paralyzed by my side. Like a puppet master he jerked it up above his waist before thrusting it deep into his pants. Oh my god…my fingertips brushed something warm and firm. Holy shit…I tried to subtly withdraw my hand, but he pushed it back down and I hesitantly took hold of him. He groaned and it was all just too much. But, alas, it proved not to be too much; I was still standing there under him. I was still conscious. Just then he pulled back and cocked his head. I immediately withdrew my hand. Then I heard it too, a firm knock on the door. As I watched motionless, the door opened and there stood Katie."Excuse me Julian, but I'd like to talk to Sarah."Julian surprised and a little off-balance, nodded and walked out of the room, past Katie. Katie stepped inside and as she began to close the door I saw him lean over, smile at me expectantly and wink. I shuddered and stepped back to lean on the sink."Are you ok?!" Katie asked."Yeah, yeah. Sure. Oh my god that was gross." Katie gave me a quick hug and I hastily added, "Don't go yet please. Stay with me, he'll come back if you go." "Sure, no problem." She pulled her sarong up around her waist and squatted on the yellow toilet."How did you know I was here? How the hell did you find me??""Well, I knew something was up when you didn't come back for so long, and I figured Julian might be up to something. The first time I opened the door I saw Julian's back and I thought he must have been plunging the toilet or something. So I turned around to go back to the table, but then I stopped and came back because something didn't feel right." She finished up and stood,"Thank god for that!! Fuck, I really didn't think he would do that. What an idiot!" I shook my head. "But…" I turned around and showed her the two joints, "I got us some pot nigga!" She smiled and laughed."Shit. How am I going to get out of here?" I asked her in a squeaky voice."Ummm…we'll just walk out together, straight to our table, sit down and I'm sure everything will be fine." I sucked in a breath. "Julian won't bother us," she added. After a few more minutes we pulled the door open and walked out holding hands. We had to go right by Julian's bar, and I saw him flash his white teeth out of the corner of my eye. I thankfully squeezed her hand as we both settled into the picnic bench. Throughout the remainder of dinner I would occasionally give into curiosity and glance over my shoulder to see where he was. More often than not he was watching me. Twice, he actually motioned for me to leave the table and join him in the bathroom again. I nudged Katie and told her. She suggested, calmly, that I simply ignore him and then he would leave me alone. I felt a little safer with my friends, sitting with my back to the bar. But when we had finished dinner they all voted to stay and have a few more drinks. All except Katie and me. My heart sunk, I wanted to tell Tyler and Emily. I wanted so badly to share my latest adventure with them, to laugh about it and at myself. But I could not just then, as Katie had made so abundantly clear. After another round of drinks we were all a bit woozy. Katie and Tyler whirled around the patio, dancing to the music from the speakers. Emily, Katie's mother and I sat watching them and laughing. Katie had the most beautiful smile. After they had tired, someone came up with the ingenious idea for a group photo behind the bar, with Julian. I did not know if the night would ever end! The bar no longer seemed exciting. Well, at least, not exciting in a positive way. My drink tasted too bitter, no doubt Julian had been generous with the vodka. I smiled wryly. I shivered outside in the wind, and I sweat inside, knowing he was watching and waiting for me. A sense of filthiness washed over me, constantly reminding me of my idiocy. I knew I had been foolish and consequently lost some of the magic I had once found on the Island. But the ordeal was not over. As we crammed behind the bar, I studiously tried to avoid ending up beside Julian. I wedged myself between Emily and Katie, taking comfort in their proximity. I kept myself facing forward, refusing to let him see that I was afraid of him. Katie's mother motioned for us all to move closer. All of a sudden I felt a hand on my butt. Julian stood behind me! While Katie's mother yelled directions and waved her hands, Julian had his way with me from behind. I did not move, I did not say anything. I could not confront him, to do that would unthinkable! I stood there for what seemed an eternity feeling shame in my cheeks and hearing anger ring in my ears. She finally finished the roll and I wrenched Julian's hand from my behind and walked out the front door. I never saw him again. In fact, I forgot about the incident for an entire year. Please note that this sample paper on julian is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on julian, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on julian will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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The Theory of Constraints

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on The Theory of Constraints. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality The Theory of Constraints paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in The Theory of Constraints, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your The Theory of Constraints paper at affordable prices with !1. Introduction

The Theory of Constraints (or TOC as it is called) is a relatively recent development in the practical aspect of making organizational decisions in situations in which constraints exist.

Premise In every organization there is at least one constraint - anything that limits the ability of a system to achieve its goal.

Dr. Eliyahu M. Goldratt first described the theory in his novel, The Goal. In many organizations, TOC and TOC logic form major portions of that organizations philosophy of continuous improvement.

The Theory of Constraints has been used at three different levels

a) Production Management - TOC was initially applied here to solve problems of bottlenecks, scheduling, and inventory reduction.

b) Throughput Analysis - Application of TOC has caused a shift from cost-based decision making to decision-making based on continuous improvement of processes in which system throughput, system constraints, and statistically determined protective capacities at critical points are key elements.

c) Theory of Constraints Logical Processes - This third level is the general application of TOC reasoning to attack a variety of process problems within organizations.

TOC logic is applied to identify what factors are limiting an organization from achieving its goals, developing a solution to the problem, and getting the individuals in the process to invent the requisite changes for themselves.

A constraint is anything in an organization that limits it from moving toward or achieving its goal. Of course, this assumes that an appropriate goal has been defined. For most business organizations the goal is to make money now as well as in the future. There are two basic types of constraints physical constraints and non-physical constraints. A physical constraint is something like the physical capacity of a machine. A non-physical constraint might be something like demand for a product, a corporate procedure, or an individuals paradigm for looking at the world

. Problem Identification

One knows that there is a problem when,

1. Orders pile up

. Machine is available but parts are not

. Parts are available but workers are not

4. Parts and workers are available but machine is not available due to breakdown/ waiting for repair

5. Large batches run at initial stations

6. Bottleneck sometimes move around in the shop, even when order profile is not changing much

7. Orders get delayed despite lot of WIP on shop floor and station targets being achieved

. Application of TOC

The steps in applying TOC are as follows

1. Identify the systems constraints. Of necessity this included prioritization so that just the ones that really limit system progress toward the goal.

. Decide how to exploit the systems constraints. Once we have decided how to manage the constraints within the system, we decide how the majority of the resources that are not constraints should be made use of. We manage them so that they just provide what is needed to match the output of the constrained resources. We never let them supply more output than is needed because doing so moves us no closer to the goal.

. Subordinate everything else to the above decision in Step . Since the constraints are keeping us from moving toward our goal, we apply all of the resources that we can to assist in breaking them. Practically in all cases their limiting impact can be reduced or eliminated.

4. Elevate the systems constraints. If we continue to work toward breaking a constraint (also called elevating a constraint) at some point the constraint will no longer be a constraint. The constraint will be broken.

5. If the constraint is broken, return to Step 1. When that happens, there will be another constraint, somewhere else in the system that is limiting progress to the goal.

The process must be reapplied, perhaps many times. It is very important not to let inertia become a constraint. Most constraints in organization are of their own making. They are the entrenched rules, policies, and procedures that have developed over time. Most constraints in organizations today are policy constraints rather than physical constraints.

4. Some Definitions

For a manufacturing organization, with the goal being to make money now as well as in the future, TOC defines three operational measurements that measure whether operations are working toward that goal. They are

· Throughput The rate at which the system generates money through sales. This is considered to be the same as Contribution Margin (selling price - cost of raw materials). Labor costs are considered to be part of Operating Expense rather than throughput.

· Inventory All the money the system invests in things it intends to (or could) sell. This is the total system investment, which includes not only conventional inventory, but also buildings, land, vehicles, plant, and equipment. It does not include the value of labor added to Work-In-Process inventory.

· Operating Expense All the money the system spends in turning Inventory into Throughput. This includes all of the money constantly poured into a system to keep it operating, such as heat, light, scrap materials, depreciation, etc.

The following four measurements are used to identify results for the overall organization

Net Profit = Throughput - Operating Expense

Return on Investment (ROI)= (Throughput - Operating Expense) / Inventory

Productivity = Throughput / Operating Expense

Turnover = Throughput / Inventory

Some of the major constraints identified are,

a) Demand Constraints

A demand constraint is a constraint on output. Symptoms include large amounts of final product inventory, or a production line running at a fraction of full capacity production. It means you have excess capacity given the demand for your product. You either have a problem with marketing (your customers dont know about your high quality product); you have a low quality product, undesired by customers, regardless of the marketing effort; or you have an obsolete product, undesired by customers, regardless of the marketing effort. Solution to this problem involves finding which of the above three problems (or combination thereof) it is, and doing something about it. This is why a relationship with ones customers is so important in TQM-you get some lead time on solving this problem.

b) Production Constraints

Production constraints are generally of three types policy constraints-company or union policies or practice create the constraint and impede its long-term solution; machine capacity constraints-a single (or small number of machines) on a line form a bottleneck; labor constraints-insufficient labor (either a skilled operator) or the general labor pool are sufficient to run a line to full capacity, including extra shifts if needed. In-process inventories between production steps are often a symptom of a production constraint.

c) Raw Material Constraints

Raw material constraints include shortages in the short or long term of one or more essential ingredients necessary to making the product. This is why a relationship with ones vendors is so important in TQM.

Sadly, the most frequent constraint is the policy constraint. The cycle in many businesses goes something like this

1. A problem arises

. A policy is created to solve the problem

. The situation changes eliminating the original problem

4. The policy remains and causes a constraint on production

5. Change is emotionally difficult and therefore the policy is lived with and worked around

5. Advantages of TOC

a) Employees can make local decisions by examining the effect of those decisions on the organizations overall Throughput, Inventory, and Operating Expense. A decision that results in increasing overall Throughput, decreasing the overall Inventory, or decreasing the overall Operating Expense for the firm will generally be a good decision for the business.

b) The Theory of Constraints does away with much of cost accounting. It is clear that application of cost accounting principles (primarily the allocation of costs in order to make decisions at the local level) leads to poor management decisions at the department as well as in upper levels of the organization.

c) TOC virtually eliminates the use of Economic Order Quantities (EOQ), production lot sizes, deriving product costs, setting prices, determining productivity measures, and the use of performance incentives.

d) TOC is truly applicable to any process in any organization. This includes universities, hospitals, service providers of all varieties, government and, of course, manufacturing. Although it is true that the Theory of Constraints provides us with simple examples in the manufacturing environment, its applications are not restricted to that environment.

6. The relationship between TQM, TOC and JIT

Each of the three major management movements of the eighties and nineties, Just in Time (JIT), Total Quality Management (TQM), and Theory of Constraints (TOC) claim to be THE answer to solving existing management problems. The three are really different facets of the same management philosophy.

The foundation of modern total quality management is W. Edwards Deming. In his book, Out of the Crisis, Deming demonstrates that a TQM management philosophy is really the use of the concept of a system, systems thinking, process measurement and a never ending cycle of process improvement. TOC is really a focused methodology for performing systems thinking on the business entity as a whole to focus changes to be made on constraints that are directly limiting better total-system profitability. JIT (or MRP) with its emphasis on inventory reduction and resource scheduling is really just a specific application of TOC to one area of the business. Thus, JIT and MRP are subsets (or consequences) of TOC that is a subset of TQM.

7. Easing Resistance to Change

Remarkably, both TQM and Goldratt come to amazingly similar conclusions about instituting progressive change within an organization. Both philosophies view employees as the key to change. Both philosophies agree that the employee group must internalize the solution to a problem.

The TQM Solution to Initiating Change

In total quality management, root cause analysis, in teams, is a major method for initiating and creating essential change-to solve a problem or to improve a process. Not only does the problem get analyzed and solved, but the solvers of the problem are also typically those who implement the solution to the problem. Thus, the inertia of the system is overcome. The workers solve the problem. Management does not have to change worker attitudes prior to implementing the solution to the problem. By having the workers solve the problem, buy-in is assured.

Goldratts Solution to Initiating Change

Goldratt proposes what in essence is a dual concept solution to the problem of initiating change in an organization. The first concept is the use of the Socratic method - a teaching strategy employed by the Greek philosopher, Socrates, with his pupils. In the Socratic method, a questioner-typically the teacher-attempts to have the students create or induce a solution to a question or problem by asking them questions that lead them in the direction the answer or solution. This process continues until the student finds the answer. When this method is successful, the person implementing the solution has found the solution for himself or herself. Buy-in is assured.

Goldratt suggests that this be done by using a second concept, that of the effect-cause-effect method of proof. In the development of every science, three distinct stages exist

1. classification

. correlation (or theory)

. effect-cause-effect

Goldratt proposes an useful analogy that points out the parallel between the development of astronomy and economic relationships that exist within a business enterprise. The following discussion closely parallels Goldratts discussion

In astronomy, for example, the ancient Greeks classified the stars in the sky according to their position in the heavens-creating the Zodiac-still used in astrology. The stars that moved around and violated this classification system (these were the planets) were called moving stars. Thus, they provided a classification system for the stars-the first stage.

Nearly a thousand years later Ptolemy in Egypt first postulated the first correlation on planet movement--that they travel in a circle path whose center moves along another circle whose center is the Earth. Almost a thousand years later, Copernicus added power to the theory of heavenly body movement by suggesting that the Sun should be the center, rather than the Earth. Five hundred years later Kepler suggested that the orbits were elliptical rather than circular.

The entire theory or correlation was developed by observation. No one had yet suggested WHY the heavenly bodies moved as they did.

Sir Isaac Newton was the first scientist to develop an answer to the question Why to the heavenly bodies behave as they do? His explanation was gravity-that bodies attract each other in proportion to their masses and inversely proportional to the distance between them squared. At that point, one can explain the behavior of all types situations, both new and old. Newtons theories were the guiding physics behind artificial satellites and space travel. Astronomy had reached the effect-cause-effect stage.

About 0 years ago, both in the United States and in Japan, production scheduling was systematized with the use of MRP (Manufacturing Resource Planning). For the first time, a systematic approach was taken to shop floor scheduling-bills of material, routings, inventory files, work-in-process files, and order files were all organized into a single data base. This was really the first stage-classification.

The United States took many years to accomplish and assimilate the first stage. The Japanese moved almost immediately to the second stage-correlation. Dr. Taichi Ohno, Executive Vice President of Production at Toyota discovered the correlations or theories called the Toyota Production System and the Kanban approach which in the U. S. we combine under the name of Just-In-Time (JIT). Dr. Ohno never asked the question WHY? He is reputed to have said, My system does not make sense at all but, by God, its working.

The effect-cause-effect level for the organization provides a working theory that if the goal of an organization is to make money through sales, and we properly measure Throughput, Inventory, and Operating Expenses, we can use the resulting information to make correct decisions that improve bottom line performance.

Effect-Cause-Effect methodology, then is the speculation of a cause for a particular effect, then predicting (and verifying) another effect from the same cause. The more effects that can be predicted from the theory, the more powerful the theory and the more light is shed on the potential root cause problem.

This has never been shown true for decision making by the use of cost accounting. The challenge is to cause a paradigm shift in management thinking-from cost-based decision making to one that is based on a theory that has been shown to explain behavior.

8. Prescribing Simple Solutions to Problems

Once the root cause of the problem is identified, having the relevant group identify a methodology to remove the problem becomes the next challenge. Goldratt never talks about solving problems at this level, but rather he talks about causing the problem not to exist. This is consistent with his view of constraints and constraint removal. His reasoning is that constraint removal is not consistent with compromise, and that problem solving in business is typically a compromise. Compromise does not generally eliminate a root cause problem, but rather works around it. Typically, the compromise is some course of action between the real solution or constraint elimination and a conflicting policy or personality. This is an easier political choice than taking on the more difficult course of both eliminating the real problem and handling the resulting political problem.

. Applying the Theory to Problems a summary

Applying Theory of Constraints to problems has two stages

Stage 1

1. Identify the systems constraints

. Decide how to exploit the systems constraints

. Elevate the systems constraints

4. If in the previous step a constraint is broken, return to Step 1, but never allow inertia to cause a system constraint.

Stage

1. Determine what to change

o Pinpoint the core problems using appropriate method

. Determine what to change to

o Construct simple, practical solutions and eliminate problems

. How to make the change

o Induce the appropriate people to invent the solution and use different methods to guide them toward the solution

Please note that this sample paper on The Theory of Constraints is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The Theory of Constraints, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on The Theory of Constraints will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Architecture

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What a sad sight to see a young boy in the house with nothing to do. After complaining of boredom, his mom urges him to do something out of the house for once. She raids his bedroom closet, unravels the pile of dirty clothes, and finds a glistening package with the words "Do Dad Sketch Pad" through the translucent plastic wrapping. It looked familiar to her, then she snapped her fingers and remembered exactly where it came from. It was the art set that she had bought for him for his tenth birthday. Now boredom could no longer be an excuse for the young boy. Proudly and swiftly, his mom drug him across the house by the ear and gave him a push out the front door while slapping the sketchpad and charcoal into his chest.The boy is stunned. A few minutes pass as the boy adjusts to this somewhat foreign environment. He takes a few steps back toward the front door when he stopped to hear a chirping sound close by. Although never being interested in the simple sounds of the outdoors, he began to notice the lively atmosphere around him. He becomes intensely interested in the unseen source of the recurring noise. He creeps toward the dense forest where the sounds origins lie. As he inches toward the periphery of the woods, his neck bends further backward as he gazes up at the large sentinels that stood guard. He crosses the threshold of the initial gate-like line of trees and continues walking deeper into the forest. Every other step he would turn around to catch a glimpse of his house, which seemed to comfort him knowing home was near. The sounds are getting louder and he is getting more anxious with every step. The boy turned around once again to make sure his house was still in sight, but his heart began to pound when he could not see the through the dense brush and vegetation. However, he receives a burst of confidence and continues on deeper until he finds a comfortable rock to rest upon. It was a spot where the sunlight found a way onto the forest floor. A patch of flowers nestled together between the roots of the redwoods which tower above him. The boy notices the mathematical symmetry that lies within the flowers as he examines their evenly spaced petals. He picks and places a small, yellow flower onto the top of a blank sheet in his sketchpad and explores the joy that it brings. Using the charcoal, he slowly forms the contour of the delicate flower before his eyes. He forgets that he is alone in the dense forest, for he finds comfort in the natural benevolence that he is encompassed by. His newfound passion for drawing is suddenly interrupted by the same chirping sound that lured him to that very spot. He looks above in attempts to trace the hidden sound. He finds it in the midst of the treetops. He keen eyesight fixates on the birds actions, as it works diligently constructing a nest. The boy was amazed at the intricate design in which the bird wove, and begins to capture the actions on paper.The boy had an idea, one that would bring his new friend closer to his house. He flipped to the next blank page in the sketchbook. He began making his own intricate design, one that combined the comforting look of his own house, yet maintaining the intricacy of the bird's nest. He ran home to show his mom the product of his venture into the natural world in which she urged him to explore. His mother was absolutely amazed at his work.

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Art combined with structural design is absolute beauty for me. I have always seen the mathematical much passion for the coming together of science and the art that is found in nature. For beautiful structures that are found in a natural setting Such as Skyscrapers that seem to shatter the laws of physics are so breathtaking to me, for they have this same combination of art and structure. Creations such as the World Trade Center and the Sears Tower which can be seen above all the surrounding structures makes them kings of our great cities, resembling the medley of art and the mastery of structural design. The glass windows that encompass the whole building almost resemble an ornament made out of blown glass. The shear size gives them a rare elegance and makes them profound pieces of art as well. Buildings like these are structural wonders that have changed the structural world forever. Growing up with a deep love for art, I would perceive things differently than others. I saw trees as strong sentinels always on guard as landscapes would come alive. Things of nature awed me. I was always walking around as I sized-up everything in sight like an artistic critic at the Julliard School of Art. Nature is a mathematical wonderland filled with symmetry and perfect design. With evolution being its creator, the natural world has gradually changed and adapted to the tendencies of the environment. A spider web has the precision and strength, and is made of the most effective material to withstand the rigors of the environment. Not only does it have the physical perfection that evolution has sculpted throughout the existence of the spider, but it also contains the symmetrical beauty that attracts artists from around the world. Evolution has a strong mathematical tendency, and it brings joy to me to witness such beauty. My experiences in art grew as an adolescent. I was always good at taking images and thoughts from my brain and accurately and precisely translating them into art. Art class in school has always been the highlight of my schooldays, for it is somewhere for my imagination to run wild and be creative. With every art teacher I had, they quickly realized my natural talent, but it wasn't until high school that my talent was truly exercised. Sculpture class for three years in high school was beneficial to me in many ways. It was a relaxation course that took my mind off of my other more strenuous classes. My creativity inclination expanded and it has helped me to develop into an exceptional student artist while I became very good with my hands. My teacher trained me how to "think" artistically and how to attract the eye with various methods. I worked with all types of materials and studied many different artists' work. While in sculpture class, I had created many structurally and artistically magnificent pieces. I have a natural feel for physics, and was born with the ability to sense a structure's aptitude and strength. My mastery of every sport I have played and my good hands is an example of this. My liking and skill in physics turned into a training process in high school as well as art when I took the course in my junior year. The following year as a senior I took the advanced placement physics course to further my knowledge of the field. I learned how motion is calculated and about all the physical forces that I somehow always knew about since I was young. For a class project I constructed a bridge made out of balsa wood and model glue that held the maximum resistance that could be tested. A week later, a laboratory physicist found it to hold a maximum weight of four hundred pounds. Now, I consider myself a highly knowledgeable physicist for my age group. My math skills were exceptional from the very beginning of my educational tract and have gone as far as conquering the complex concepts of calculus. This skill is incorporated into and greatly coincides with my other skills previously mentioned. I think logically as if I am constantly solving a math problem in my mind, and I have a very orderly manner of thinking. This also affects my organization, for I am extremely meticulous and orderly in my doings. I see that mathematics is not only greatly demonstrated in nature, but it is a significant part of my life as well. With college approaching, I have been researching possible future career paths. I have been told that one's love in his job is the most important aspect of all, and one should choose a job that corresponds to his skills and talents. There are certain jobs that fit my skills and interests. However, the job that best fits my talents is architecture. After extensive research on this career path, I have learned many aspects about the subject. "Architecture is one of the most influential professions in today's society. As an architect, you would have the responsibility to shape the environments in which people spend their daily lives." Architecture reflects the society that builds it, but it also affects the way that society develops. There is a need for people with the imagination to create buildings and cities our society needs to keep pace with its evolution. Therefore, there is a high demand for architects as society grows. Simply enough, architects have to make drawings. They create all aspects of the built environment. An architect must build structures that can withstand the forces of nature and that must be sturdy to ensure safety. An architect must be exceptional at mathematics to undertake daily designing tasks. Most of all, natural talent in artistic creativity is a must in this job. One must obtain a degree in architecture to perform all of the necessary tasks required in the job. An architectural education equips people with the talents to enter a broad range of careers. The educational process of architecture is a long and grieving one. In high school, a prospective student should take challenging courses such as physics and calculus to prepare for the engineering side of the college education. Architectural colleges generally have a separate atmosphere from the rest of the school. Before going to an architectural college, one must realize the intensity of the work, and one must be entirely dedicated to this field of study in order to be successful. "The lights never go out in a school of architecture." Most often, a student of a school of architecture will go on a five-year tract in college. The first two years will be spent completing general education requirements, which is basically the same as many other students in different majors. Although there are some art and -dimensional designing courses that are taken in these first couple of years with a great emphasis on free-hand drawing skills; the student will not begin the study of actual structures until his or her junior year. These studies progress for the remaining years at the architectural school, but in the fourth year one will generally begin working on projects using CAD technology. Technical writing is also taken in these years that is the style of language that is commonly used in the work force. Universal code training is another subject of learning for the students, which may vary from state to state. After one graduates from an architectural college, there is still more training necessary to ensure quality and success. There is a minimum requirement of three years professional practice in an architect's office or equivalent. The student will be an apprentice to his or her mentor in this stage, and will learn all the tasks done by a working architect through one-on-one training and cooperative projects. Once this stage is completed, the student can then take the state architectural exam to be able to work independently on his or her own. Therefore, an architect must become NAAV accredited. The test is eight hours in length, and tests everything that one should know to practice in that state. This test is a giant step for the student, who may walk out of the testing center an official architect. After years of experience on the job, an architect can be eligible to practice in more than one state. To practice from state to state, an architect must take an exam with the NCARB. One has to keep in mind the different environmental and building codes that vary from state to state. Certain states have more requirements than others, mainly due to differences in environments, landscapes, and natural disaster compensation. The education and testing fully prepares the student in becoming a successful architect. For most architects, the job is not solely confined to designing and making drawings. For many, the job is multi-faceted and cooperative. Besides drawing, architects perform many tasks throughout the workweek such as searching for projects, interviewing for jobs, surveying land, having meetings to discuss ideas, and writing technical reports. Detail is everything in an architect's job, and relaying the ideas to coworkers and clients is even more important. People skills are a must for this job, for it is most often a collaborative effort on projects. A managerial architect is always making the balance between the number of workers on one project, and the speed at which the project must be completed. Quality is often sacrificed with the higher worker loads on one project; however, time is always spared. The job atmosphere is very professional, and the dress is still formal abroad. The designing of structures has changed drastically in the last decade due to advancement in technology. For thousands of years, designers and architects used only free-hand drawing skills on parchment or paper before the actual construction took place. In 18, CAD (Computer Aided Drawing) was created in conjunction with the newfound computer age. In the first years of its development, the software was not beneficial over most architects' free-hand drawing skills, for the technology was too slow and too unnatural for its users. However, in recent years, the software has become good enough and the computer processors have become fast enough to allow this CAD technology to actually outdo regular drawing methods. Now the designing process is faster, more precise, color coded, more professional, and simply easier than the old way. There is no telling how far the technology will improve, and how much time and energy will be saved in the process.There are many different branches of architecture. Conservation is the restoration of old, out-of-date, and usually historical buildings. There is domestic architecture, which is mainly the designing of new homes and apartment complexes. The most price worthy projects are within the major cities in the skyscrapers. Transportation architects design roads and highway systems. Naval architecture is the designing of naval ships. Landscape architecture is the reshaping of land for a desired effect such as a golf course. The list goes on and on.Many jobs fit the major natural talents and learned skills that I have. Engineering is a field that works with logical reasoning, mathematics and physics. Efficiency is the utmost goal for an engineer. Architects must know certain fields of engineering and physics to design strong buildings and structures. An interior designer uses his or her artistic talents to make a living space or workplace comfortable and appropriate for the environment that it resides in. They use color schemes, light variations, and creative artistic ability to accomplish this job; however, there is no serious physical structural designing skills required. Construction workers and builders work with their hands constantly to build structures that are designed by an architect, but there is little creativity involved in a construction worker's job. An architect obtains all the skills necessary in designing structures that I have.Although architecture seems very challenging and time consuming, the rewards are unmistakable. A good architect can combine structural and physical knowledge with artistic creativity to create structures for society. An architect is talented and skilled in various areas. This would be a great responsibility for society, and an honor to do. Although I have very little experience in the technological area, I based my choice more on my mathematical interests. There will always be a need for architects as long as society continues to burgeon. This everlasting demand for architects is a promising feature in the work force today, especially since the signs of a slowing economy and increasing unemployment rates. Therefore, I will be pursuing a degree in architecture in college. My profound interests in mathematics, art, building, physics, designing, creativity, and a fulfilling sense of purpose are all fruits of architecture, which are carried out on the natural landscape that I love so much. In college, I will learn the knowledge and skills to be an architect, a job I was seemingly destined to do. Only then can I take all the skills and knowledge and passion for the field of architecture that I have to give back to the community which has so richly taken care of me. Please note that this sample paper on Architecture is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Architecture, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Architecture will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Creating Together

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Creating TogetherIn our daily lives, on our traveling path, we are always confronting obstacles and decisions that would affect the direction in which we are going. However, the ultimate end of a journey doesn't only depend on us, it is also influenced by people we encounter. Two novels, The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Animal Dreams, by Barbara Kingsolver, had successfully drawn the main character's journey of life. Gatsby and Codi's lifestyles are totally different throughout both novels, but their journeys are similar in a way that they both affected by other characters they encounter on the way.Gatsby became very wealthy, but he began life as just an ordinary, lower-class, citizen. Even before Gatsby is introduced, it is hinted that he is out of the ordinary. The first evidence of this is when Nick says, "Gatsby turned out all right at the end" (GG 6). Nothing was known about Gatsby at the time and Nick is already saying Gatsby was okay. There's an air of mystery surrounding Gatsby. Everyone knows of him but no one knows who he really is or where he comes from. When Gatsby was still James Gatz, be had a dream of leaving his life on the farm behind and becoming a part of the upper-class. Even Gatsby's father knew when he said, "If he'd lived, he'd of been a great man" (GG 176). According to Berman "That phrase "great man" is important and will be widely intertextual from 106 to 1. Greatness is not simply personal; it has public shape and consciousness" (11~1).

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Gatsby's first real break in the outside world was when he met a wealthy yachtsman, Don Cody. Gatsby was seventeen at the time and had just left his life on the farm. "When Gatsby is seventeen years old, Don Cody comes sailing into his world"(Lehan 4). It is Cody who showes Gatsby the ways of the world and develops Gatsby's appreciation for wealth. "[…] becomes Gatsby's image of the wealthy and successful man." (Bloom 8). "To young Gatz, resting on his oars and looking up at the railed deck, that yacht represented all the beauty and glamour in the world" (GG 106). Fitzgerald uses this quote to mark the point at which Gatsby encounters wealth and power for the first time, and also, he uses it to symbolize Gatsby's social standing and economic status. By comparing Gatsby's rowboat with Codi's luxurious yacht, Fitzgerald presents the idea that money and power translate into bigger and better things. The event is symbolic in that it illustrates Gatsby's perception that wealth is a necessity. By saying that he was "looking up" to "all the beauty and glamour in the world," Fitzgerald makes it evident that Gatsby idolized this lifestyle. Lehan concludes that "Once Gatsby begins to go about Don Cody's business in the realm that has replaced the frontier, he indeed goes in pursuit of meretricious beauty" (51). After Gatsby was introduced to Daisy, she was the only thing that mattered to him. To Gatsby, Daisy's character is metaphor for his hope and dreams. However, she married Tom Buchanan, "[…] who is so wealthy that he could give her a $50,000 pearl necklace for a wedding present" (Lehan 106). The most significant difference between Tom and Gatsby was their economic and social standing in society. Tom was wealthy and powerful, and Gatsby was from a middle class Midwestern family with little money or prestige to their name. Gatsby dreams of one day reuniting with Daisy and recapturing the love he lost, and he accomplishes this by acquiring the wealth and social status, which he lacked five years before. Gatsby invites Tom and Daisy to one of his parties and to display his new position among society's elite, Gatsby says, "You must see the faces of many people you've heard about" (111). Gatsby also refers to Tom as "the polo player", implying that Tom is insignificant compared to the many "celebrities" present at the party (111). Daisy, however, is impressed by Gatsby's exorbitant amount of wealth, but "once Daisy comes to understand the source of Gatsby's money her interest in him is gone forever" says Lehan (57). Daisy was both the main cause of Gatsby's great wealth, and also the only cause of foolishness in his life. If Don Cody is the first of Gatsby's new fathers then Meyer Wolfsheim is Gatsby's second father figure, according to Lehan (56). Gatsby's life between the war and when he's introduced in the book is quite vague. It is known that he at some point went into business with Meyer Wolfsheim who was very much involved in New York bootlegging and had possible connections with the Mafia. Wolfsheim claims to have made Gatsby the man that he was. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson have almost nothing to do with Gatsby throughout the novel, but it is a coincidence that Gatsby had to end his life by this two characters. Towards the end, Gatsby wouldn't give up on Daisy. After the accident in which Daisy killed Mrs. Wilson, it was the end for her and Gatsby. And yet "He couldn't possibly leave Daisy until he knew what she was going to do. He was clutching at some last hope […]" (GG 155). Daisy couldn't possibly face the fact that she might go to jail and she knew Gatsby would take her blame. Because of Tom's lie and Gatsby's willingness to accept the blame for Daisy, Gatsby had face death by a stranger, Wilson.Gatsby's journey ends in a lonely and meaningless way. His death is cathartic because his dream is never satisfied. He could have never fulfilled a prosperous life living for a past love. When Daisy leaves with Tom, and Gatsby loses her, it is the death of his dreams. Gatsby's death is symbolic of the death of the dreams. If Mrs. George would not have come along to end his life, Gatsby would have killed himself. Everything he worked for and everything he did, he did for Daisy. Without her, his life was meaningless; however, he could have been a great man who would have "[…] helped build up the country" (GG 176). Because most of the people Gatsby encountered were bad influences, this is the only way his life could had ended. Don Cody and Meyer Wolfsheim affected Gatsby's idea of making money through illegal activities, and Daisy made Gatsby live in the past, he could never achieve the American Dream. If he never had met them, he might have had a better life and a better end of his journey.Like Gatsby, Codi comes from an ordinary family, and had a normal childhood, except she lost her mother at age three. When her mother Alice passed away she took part of Homero with her. What she left was a misfit of time and circumstance; an emotionally distraught and distant man who attempted to resemble a father but veered more towards the tin man. Homero existed beyond his wife as only a page out of an instruction manual, the one with the caution statement. Homero's delicate heart decided that the only way to endure Alice's death was to flush any memory of her out of his fortified technical realm which throughout the novel becomes increasingly skewed. Kingsolver pushes home this idea by omitting Alice from any of Homero's frequent flashbacks which are usually mishaps from the past involving his daughters. These incidents are his only recollection of his daughters' estranged childhood in which he strained to create strong women out of confused, motherless children. Homer's fear of becoming attached to anything which reminded him of Alice resulted in an unorthodox childhood for Hallie and Codi. Homero was more of a baby sitter than a real father. Retaining only his technical aptitude after Alice died all he could do was providing his kids with orthopedic shoes and the correct medicine. When not fixing Codi or Hallie's present or future ailments, Homero took photographs of natural objects and slyly transformed them into man-made devices by doing what he seemed to be best at, distorting images.Codi, similar to her father mentally, blocked out her past. Her childhood remained within her as only a series of stained and misplaced memories. Codi attempted to follow in her father's footprints, fixing every one of life's problems with an internal wrench. Homero is a metaphor for Codi's loss of memory and her attempt to find her past. By approaching life from behind this falsified image, Codi managed to distance herself from everything and everyone who could have hurt her. One aspect of life from which Codi was bred to be distanced is the past. As Codi grew older, she began wondering about her family's past. Homero basically told her they had no past. So with no past and no identity, Codi lived, searching for security and stability through a mother figure. Everywhere Codi went she managed to find a mother figure. Whether it be a man or a woman friend or even Hallie, Codi hid herself in other people's security. This search for stability is catalyzed by the lack of a mother in Codi's childhood. The lack of maternal instinct in Codi left her with no sense of direction, therefore; she searched aimlessly for years, for herself.Codi is unable to become self-aware, because her dependency on her sister was so strong. A direct result of Codi's insecurities is the development of Hallie as a primary source of security. She is Codi's safe haven where she can escape when her problems become overwhelming or perplexing. Hallie is defined as her stability in this way. Hallie offers a blanket of protection from Codi's personal insecurities. Codi's dependence on Hallie as a haven from her feelings is evident in Codi's reaction to her old, high school friend Emelina. Emelina recalled Codi's childhood protests of killing chickens, but Codi said, "No, that was Hallie. She's the one that had such a soft heart. We've always been real different that way" (AD ). Codi's recollection of Hallie as the one who protested the death of the animals when in fact it was Codi, shows that Codi has no realization of her own cares and sensitivities because she projects them upon Hallie. Codi's inability to distinguish her individual feelings from Hallie's is because she continually projects them onto Hallie so she doesn't have to deal with them.Hallie is a metaphor for a sense of direction and purpose. Hallie has knowledge of direction that seems to escape Codi. Hallie knows what she wants to do and what is necessary to attain it. Codi, however, drifts through life with no specific purpose. She maintains her existence anywhere that doesn't require any effort or emotional discomfort to her. Codi interprets Hallie's move to Nicaragua as an example of Hallie's keen sense of direction and her own lack of one. Codi doesn't see any future direction for herself. "[…] I had no mission beyond personal survival; it was nothing like Hallie's going to Nicaragua" (AD 107). Codi's lack of direction also stems from her dominant feelings of being an outsider. Codi has never felt accepted by any environment and she is constantly amazed by Hallie's instant ability to become comfortable. For example, she tells these feelings to Hallie in a letter expressing her admiration of Hallie at being able to be compatible with the environment surrounding her. "All I want is to be like you, to be brave, to walk into a country of chickens and land mines and call it home, and have it be home" (AD 00). However, she doesn't realize that it isn't her uneasiness with her environment but with herself that makes it difficult to be comfortable in any environment. Codi's life since her fall from Grace is a long list of failures. But when she came back to her hometown, she finds herself busier that she expected. She meets Loyd Peregrina and they fall into an affair that threatens to turn serious. "Loyd is a fertile character, who has a profound understanding of how to carefully cultivate the fertile land" (Sparknotes). He drives her about neighboring reservations and takes her to some ancient Pueblo villages. She begins to see a difference between inhabiting the land and trying to conquer it. "To people who think of themselves as God's houseguest, American enterprise must seem arrogant beyond belief. Or stupid. A nation of amnesiacs, proceeding as if there were no other day but today" (AD 40). Because Codi's education is a great help to their cause, Codi joins the Stitch and Bitch Club, and with Codi's help they set out to save the town from the mining company. As she becomes a part of the community effort to save the town, Codi begins to learn more about her own family's past, and gradually comes to understand that those women, twenty years before, were "[…] fifty mothers who'd been standing at the edges of my childhood, ready to make whatever contribution was needed at the time" (AD 8). Hallie's departure in combination with Doc Homero's bout with Alzheimer's disease allows Codi an opportunity to confront her past and insecurities. After Hallie's death, Codi is able to retain Hallie's message of finding a direction and what purpose that direction should have. Hallie explains to Codi that "[…] the very least you can do in your life is to figure out what you hope for. And the most you can do is live inside that hope. Not admire it from a distance but live right in it, under its roof" (AD ). This message allows Codi to find her direction and live it. She does this by coming to the realization that her lack of direction is from her innate feeling of not being accepted. The main criterion for acceptance in Grace according to Codi was to have been born with blue eyes. The legend of the town is that if you were born with blue eyes you were a descendent of the Gracela Sisters, after whom the town is named. Codi discovers childhood pictures which show that she was born with blue eyes. After discovering that she is part of the town's blue-eyed tradition, she feels a symbolic acceptance. She can then further pursue her personal direction by adhering to Hallie's advice. This direction is realized by the desire to remain in Grace. She stays in Grace to help the Stitch and Bitch Club protest against the environmental catastrophe they face. She is also able to accept the responsibility of her own stable career as a biology teacher and raise a family herself with respect from the people around her. Codi expands her concept of family. She is able to feel an emotional attachment to the people of Grace and in particular to her boyfriend, Loyd Peregrina, an Apache who fathered Codi's miscarried baby. Codi began to discover an awareness of relationships and acceptance that made her secure within herself. She is now capable of identifying the immense love around her that includes Loyd, Emelina, her family, her students, and her fifty mothers from the Stitch and Bitch Club. Codi realizes the amount of support she has as a result of Hallie's funeral. All of the people who love Codi are present to share her grief. This enables her to feel an assurance of support. This sentiment is captured in the phrase, "[…] Whenever I thought I might fall or just cease to exist, the pressure of their shoulders held me there" (AD 7). Hallie's death allows Codi to redefine her ideological needs for a family. Codi is then able to settle down and conceive a child with Loyd.Alice's early death causes the lack of a mother in Codi's childhood, and Homero's inability to make peace with the past confront Codi to fit in somewhere and to find a meaning for her life. Also, as long as Hallie is alive she is a safe haven for Codi to escape to when the truth of her personality becomes too apparent. But on the other hand, Alice, Homero, and Hallie are the great influences on Codi to find her identity and meaning of life. Especially Hallie might have taught Codi how to deal with insecurities and find a reason to live. Rudman says that "Siblings who grow up together learn each other's characteristics […]" (11). Even though she had many failures in her past, Codi truly grows up because of the people around her. Smiley states that "[…] her journey is a gesture, made to relieve her general sense of uselessness." Codi is able to find a direction in her life and she begins to establish a foundation for her future. She is able to secure a family, friends, a career, and an established place within Grace. According to Ryan, it is typical of Kingsolver's styles is that everyone in her books turns out to be good. (81)We believe that our future is formed by us, and it is true that we create our own dream. However, as it has been shown in The Great Gatsby, and Animal Dreams, our life doesn't only depend on our decisions, it is also influenced by the people we encounter. The ultimate end of our journey could be as bad as Gatsby's, if we surround ourselves with bad influences. We could also find our meaning of life as Codi did, if we meet good people. Through these two novels, I realized that I can affect people around just me as I am influenced by people I encounter. Please note that this sample paper on Creating Together is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Creating Together, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on Creating Together will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Critically discuss for one specific brand of your choice (e.g. Ford Mondeo; Kellog¡¦s cornflakes; Cadbury¡¦s Dairy Milk Chocolate; etc.) the concept of integrated marketing communication. Support your answer by referring to appropriate theory and concept

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intoduction Numerous new marketing communication options are today available to marketers due to rapid globalization and the development of new technologies. In 1 a new concept called Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) was introduced. In today¡¦s world, IMC is becoming more important than in the past. Thus, what is integrated marketing communication? Basically, there are various communication tools integrated together in order to deliver a unified message. It is also integrated with strategic marketing and integration of different communication channels. But Wells, Burnett and Moriarty (1) define marketing communication as ¡§the mechanism for communicating the information to the consumer¡¨. Schultz, Tannenbaum and Lauterborn¡¨ IMC is a concept of marketing communication planning that recognizes the added value of the comprehensive plan that evaluates the strategic roles of a variety of communication disciplines (for example, advertising, direct marketing, sales promotion, personal selling and public relations). Thus, combines these all to provide clarity, consistency, and maximum communication impact. Besides, IMC should be reflected on the entire marketing mix, they are price, promotion, product and place. In order to explain clearly about the definition of IMC, the business of Nike is used for the case study of this assignment. Nike is a globalization company, which is a very successful and well-known brand in worldwide, and consumers are often regarded Nike as a sport kingdom. Nike is also a recognized sponsorship of sport games in market, such as athletic games, football, basketball, golf etc¡Kthe production of Nike shoes is a truly global operation. Products are designed in the US, labour is carried out in cheap labour countries in Asia, using raw materials from several countries, and Korean, Taiwanese and Japanese capital; and the marketing is done all around the world. The history of Nike

Nike has its origins in 164 when Oregon-based athlete turned businessman, Phillip Knight, hit on the idea of importing running shoes from Japan to compete with the German brands such as Adidas and Puma, which were then dominating the US market. In 171, this guy founded Nike. Nearly three decades later, at 88, he granted permission to name a product in his honor. Then, its a series of lightweight racing and training shoes for runners. By 17 Nike had half the market in the US and a turnover of US$14 million. In the mid 180s however the companys strong position was hit when it failed to recognize the emerging market for womens aerobic shoes, and was overtaken as market leader by Reebok. But by 10 it had regained its lead, largely due to the introduction of the Air Jordan shoe endorsed and promoted by basketball star Michael Jordan. Today, Nike retains its position as market leader in sports shoes. Fortune magazine reported sales of US$,7 billion in 14 and profits of US$ million (Fortune 15). Some 60 percent of its sales are in the US, about 0 percent in Europe and 5 percent in Asia. (Nike 1 5). Nike mission¡§To bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete in the word¡¨¡§As a global company, we are committed to continually expanding and improving our corporate responsibility initiatives wherever we operate around the world. It is our intent and hope that this report will help to outline the challenges facing us - and what were doing to make a difference.¡¨ Bill Bowerman Marketing Strategic The target marketing process requires the development and implementation of a distinct marketing mix to meet the requirements of the selected target markets. The elements are mixed together in such a way that they should meet the needs of the target segment. Each element of the marketing mix has a variable capacity to communicate. ProductA product is more than its physical components. The product is at the heart of the marketing exchange. If the product does not deliver the benefits the customer wanted and satisfied or if it does not live up to the expectations created by the other element of the marketing mix, then the whole exercise has been in vain. Today, Nike retains its position as market leader in sports shoes, and is a significant popular player in sports wear and accessories because its sport shoes design is different with the other competitors like Reebok or Puma. In the market, the characteristic and design of the product are very important because consumers want fresh, new and special product e.g. colour, flavour or shape. For example, Nike provides some special colours on their sport shoes, e.g. baby blue, pink, golden or pure yellow in the market. If there is a good response in the market, it can benefit both their brand name and consumers because it can create a ¡¥unique¡¦ image on the brand and which is a more special than the other brands. Also, can establish a cool feeling and high prestige for the people who wear the shoes. Besides, Nike is the first sport brand to innovate air into the sport shoes, and it is a great success to make people feel comfortable when they are participating in sport games. Also, it means that Nike can provide a high quality services for its customers. In order to satisfy different market needs, Nike always depends on the trendy of the market to offer their products in different countries and consumers, sometimes according to the tradition. In Japan and Hong Kong, Nike shoes is a symbol of fashion e.g. the model of Nike Air Dunk and Air Force One are very popular, almost every youth have one. As we can see, this is very success for Nike. Marketing communications need to establish favorable images and logo to build confidence and to facilitate the spread of positive word of mouth communication. Nike sports shoes and clothing are easily identified by the companys distinctive logo, the swoosh tick and its slogan Just Do It. Nike¡¦s ¡§tick¡¨ logo is simple and easy for consumers to recognize and remember because this logo is a symbol of a high quality guarantee when people see that ¡§tick¡¨. PriceMarketing communications have the responsibility of informing the target audience about the price of an offering. This can be undertaken via advertising, personal selling and sales promotion activity, or through in-store merchandising and packaging-based communications. From the buyer¡¦s perspective, price represents the value they attach to whatever is being exchanged. The customers will weigh up the value and the price of the product to decide whether it is worth paying or not. The customers may expect price to reflect the quality level of the product (Erickson and Johansson, 185). Thus, consumers may be prepared to pay more, so they can thus accept that those brands can charge in a high price. Nike, as an expensive, fashion sport brand for the youth, the high price induced perceived quality and prestige for them. Actually, the price of Nike accessories and shoes are higher than its main competitors, Reebok, Addias and Puma. Although the price is unreasonable, it can still attract people to consume in the market. As I mentioned Nike shoes is kind of fashion, so people may purchase for their collection items no matter the price is. However, Nike also cares to think about the price from the perspective of the customer, so it sometimes deducted the price to attract more new consumers to their market. For Nike, reducing the price of its products may not a big thing because it would lead to higher sales and then more people could afford and want its products. Promotion and advertising are an integral part of our social and economic systems. In our complex society, advertising has evolved into a vital communication system for both consumers and businessesPromotion is the most visible area of marketing, and the one that most actively tries to tap into the consumer¡¦s decision-making processes. Promotion is about communicating with the consumer, and about persuading people to try the products, and is often very much concerned with attitude change. Because attitudes are learned, promotional activities can offer new information to the consumer. The launch period is a very difficult time in any new product¡¦s life, and the distribution aspects of the marketing strategy are week, then it could be fatal. There are two main reasons for the promotion first, a new product has a potential risk because people do not have confidence to try. Second, there is highly competition in the market. Besides, sales promotion can be used effectively as a means of getting information across to consumers, it is not only lets the consumer experience the product, but also gives the manufacturer a chance to tell that consumers quite a lot about the product¡¦s features and benefits, where to buy it and related products in the range. Nike has used some promotions activities in the market; for example, Nike held the on -basketball competitions in Hong Kong every year. It attracts many people to participate because all participants who can get a $150 voucher on its products. Sometimes, the famous Nike sponsor¡¦s players are invited to some countries like Hong Kong, Taiwan to promote the basketball. Sponsorship is a kind of promotion where the products are associated with an entity, event or activity. Nowadays, almost every sport team, cultural program are using sponsoring as a way to finance their activities. For Nike, it does a sponsor on the football team, country team, sport players¡Kthe most impress deeply upon everyone¡¦s mind is the sponsoring of well-known NBA basketball player- Michael Jordan. Nike has launched a series of ¡¥Jordan¡¦ accessories, sport shoes with his name and personal logo on it. Also, his basketball shoes series are launched every year until now. This is a very successful strategy for Nike, because the basketball lovers may become superior and more powerful if they wear. And Michael¡¦s supporters are regarded the shoes as the collection use. Except from these, Nike is also sponsoring lots of famous football and country teams, e.g., Manchester United, Arsenal, Brazil, Portugal and Korea. All those teams are having a high prestige in the world. Besides, Nike also sponsors the world number one golf player- Tiger Woods and the athletic Olympic game player- Michael Johnson. Due to the idol¡¦s effect, it is directly influence the perception of buyers to consume Nike¡¦s products and create the customer¡¦s loyalty.Advertising is another element in the promotional mix and it is often seen as a very important tool in marketing communication. Advertising is a paid communication placed in a medium, and is probably the most visible of the marketing tools available. The sponsor should be clearly identified and the advertisement may relate to an organization, a product or a service. It is also one of the most important methods by which marketers try to educate consumers about their products, same as sales promotion. By using advertising the message of a marketing campaign could be often repeated the same time as it help the already aware to learn more about and remember brands, logos, images and benefits. Some of the advertising examples are TV commercial, radio and print in magazine and newspapers. Nike spends a lot of money on their advertisements, mainly broadcasted on the T.V. and magazines.Recently, a very popular advertisement by Nike that is called the ¡§freestyle¡¨, it is divided into three sports, football, basketball and beach flying sauce. Nike employed some famous stars to demonstrate their skills, tricks on each kind of sports. On those advertisements, there is also computer graphic ¡§matches¡¨ man together with the sport stars on the advertisement. This brings a special and new concept in the market. Thus, audiences are not only remembering the stars, but also the ¡§matches¡¨ man symbol of this Nike¡¦s advertisement. PlaceProducts should be found easily, convenience for consumers to purchase. Sometimes the place is part of the product, in the sense that there are benefits attaching to the place utility of the distribution. Place, can become the element of the marketing mix that causes the biggest headache to a manufacturer. Communication activities need to be coordinated and synchronized in such a way that possible impact is derived from an organization¡¦s attempt to communicate effectively. When companies launch new products, for example, and make promises to customers through pull-based communications, it is essential that the product is made available through the supply chain. If customers are unable to buy or see the product, then the credibility of the product is damaged and competitors are given a window of opportunity to take the initiative in the newly identified and exposed market. For marketing communications it is very important to have adequate levels of stocks in the distribution system at the launch of a products, because the stocks and place are closely related. Nike is not directly selling to the customers in the market, but it sells to the retail shops in the market. In U.K. consumers can mainly buy the Nike products through J.J.B, Footlocker, All sport, Foot & Soccer or Size in every town center. Also, there is a four floors- Nike Town in London that the consumers can buy all kinds of accessories, shoes, and clothes there. Nike¡¦s products are thoroughly located in the high street where it is easy, convenient for consumers to purchase. Beside, the Internet is now a popular way for people to search information, location, price and quantity about the products. For Nike, we can visit the websites and obtain the information we want. People can just stay at home to see the models they want and order through the Nike online shopping websites, this is a beneficial and convenient to those busy people. Conclusion Nike demonstrate the effective use of IMC, sport is a traditional and popular game for the people, mainly for the youth. The positioning intention was to present Nike as a young, trendy, unique for people. To achieve the business goals, the entire marketing mix was coordinated the product reflected high quality, the high price induced perceived quality and the distribution in the launch were through up market and high street. Thus, we can see that Nike has a great performance in the sport market. While the concept of IMC is attractive, the development of the approach in practical terms has to date not been very encouraging. There has been a great deal of debate and some attempt to coordinate the content and delivery of marketing communication messages. Most organizations have yet to achieve totally integrated marketing communications, only partial or coordinated levels of activity have so far been achieved. Word count (40) ReferenceFrances Brassington, Stephen Pettitt, Principles of marketing, Chris Fill, Third edition, Marketing communication, contexts, strategies and applications. Rossiter, J.R. Percy, L. (17), Advertising communications and promotion Management, McGraw- HillShimp, T. A. (17), Advertising, Promotion and Integrated Marketing Communications, Dryden Press.Websiteshttp//www.nike.com.ukhttp//www.nikefreestyle.com.ukhttp//www.niketown.com.uk Please note that this sample paper on Critically discuss for one specific brand of your choice (e.g. Ford Mondeo; Kellog¡¦s cornflakes; Cadbury¡¦s Dairy Milk Chocolate; etc.) the concept of integrated marketing communication. Support your answer by referring to appropriate theory and concept is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Critically discuss for one specific brand of your choice (e.g. Ford Mondeo; Kellog¡¦s cornflakes; Cadbury¡¦s Dairy Milk Chocolate; etc.) the concept of integrated marketing communication. 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