Thunderstorms, Hail, Lightning and Blizzards

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Thunderstorms

Thunderstorms are formed when temperature imbalances are present in the atmosphere. They are a violent example of convection. The warming of the air near the earth and/or the cooling of the air above puts the warmer lighter layers below the colder denser layers. This causes instability and convection overturns the layers. The colder, denser air sinks below the warmer lighter air which is rising rapidly. The same conditions may occur when warm buoyant air is forced up by a wedge of cold air undercutting the warm air mass or an air mass is forced to rise over a mountain.

In the first stage of thunderstorm development and up draft carries warm air past its dew point. The water vapour held by that air mass condenses into water droplets or ice if the dew point is below zero. The continued upward movement of the air mass makes very large clouds like mounds, domes and towers (cumulous clouds). Winds above may boost updraft or convection

College Essays on Thunderstorms, Hail, Lightning and Blizzards

Continued condensation releases large amounts of latent heat which is the primary source of energy. Once a cloud starts to form it is the release of latent heat which keeps it growing. Particles grow by colliding, combining which increases their size forming rain and snow. When droplets are heavy enough to fall against the updraft, precipitation occurs. This causes a down draft. The velocity of the down draft is further increased by evaporational cooling and frictional drag (rain and snow drags sown the surrounding colder air, which increases the velocity of the drag). The cumulous cloud increases in size, height and width which results in a cumulonimbus cloud which sometimes extends vertically over 16km. This is the second or mature stage of thunderstorm formation.

The last stage in the formation of a thunderstorm is dissipation. The strength of the updraft within the thunderstorm is reduced and the strength of the downdraft remains. Thunderstorms mainly disperse when there is no longer any lifting agent which can continue to fuel the updraft.

There are four main types of thunderstorms, single cell, multicell clusters, multicell lines or squall lines and supercells. The difference between the types of thunderstorms is not to do with the formation but the amount of cells in the thunderstorm and how they are positioned. A single cell has one cell; multicell cluster has many cells bunch together; multicell lines have cells in a line like formation and supercells which are small well organised thunderstorm where the down draft and updrafts do not interfere with each other and updraft rotates (mesocyclone).

Lightning

Lightning is a result of thunderstorms and sometimes dust devils and blizzards. Lightning is an electrical discharge resulting from a build up of positive and negative charges within the thunderstorm cloud. Basically the top of a thunderstorm has a positive charge and the bottom has a negative charge. The bottom also has a small layer of positive charge which is carried up by updrafts. Sheet lightning is when lightning moves within a cloud (intra-cloud lightning discharge) and also when the negative charge moves via the positive base to strike the earth which has a positive charge (cloud-ground flash). Lightning will also move from ground to cloud, cloud to cloud and in many other ways.

Hail

Hail is formed when water droplets falling from the upper regions of a thunderstorm are caught by the rising updraft and carried to below 0°C and the droplet freezes. As it falls again it melts slightly and picks up further layers of water. It may get picked up by the updraft again and by carried to below 0° and freeze it again. This may happen over and over, letting the hail gather more and more layers until it becomes too heavy to be carried up by the updraft and falls to the ground.

Blizzards

Blizzards are winter storms that can be very dangerous. They are a combination of blowing snow and wind which results in little or no visibility. Heavy snow and brutal cold often go with blizzards they are not necessary. Strong winds will often pick up snow, creating ground blizzards. A blizzard is defined as a storm which contains large amounts of snow or blowing snow. Blizzards often occur to the northwest side of a powerful thunderstorm. The difference in low and high pressure between the two locations results in extremely strong winds. These winds pick up snow on the ground or blow snow that is already falling.

Effects of Thunderstorm, Lightning, Hail and Blizzards

Thunderstorms, Lightning and Hail

Thunderstorms are dangerous for many reasons, but the most common effects of a thunderstorm causing damage, injury and death are: lightning, hail, flash floods, strong winds and tornadoes. Lightning is a bigger killer than tornadoes taking more lives than tornadoes each year. Lightning is also responsible for many fires.

Thunderstorms are able to turn a peaceful water way into a raging torrent of water. These can break there banks flooding whole town if the downpour doesn't ease up. Hail can become deadly during a thunderstorm as it can fall to earth at speeds of 160 km/ph. It usually takes extreme storm to create hail big enough to do damage, but hail the size of hens egg will dent a car and hail the size of a baseball will kill if there is nothing to slow down its fall to earth. An example of where hail and flash floods have caused extreme cases of damage is in Texas 1995 where the two combined caused two billion dollars worth of damage. On a whole hail causes approximately one billion dollars worth of damage to crops annually plus the numerous dollars of personal property damage.

Sever winds are a real problem. Winds of great strength can damage roofs, chimneys, break tree limbs, topple small trees and destroy street signs, then turning these in to missiles. Downbursts (strong winds produced by downdrafts) have often been mistaken for tornadoes because the extent of the damage is severe. Structures on the ground and planes in the air are in real danger.

The most severe effect of a thunderstorm is the tornadoes that can be produced from supercell thunderstorms. They are produced near the spiraling updrafts.

Blizzards

Blizzards can produce numerous dangers. Cars can crash because of the snow slick roads, buildings can collapse under the weight of the snow piling up. People can be trapped within homes or automobiles without utilities or other services. Water may freeze pipe and cause damage after thawing. People can get frostbite and hypothermia, the later sometimes killing. Flooding may result as the snow melts, blocking roads. Often fire is a real killer, people do silly things such as leaving kitchen appliances on and a fire results. The real problem is that often the water supply for the firemen is frozen so it is a struggle to put out the fire.

How Do Thunderstorms Affect Australia

Thunderstorms occur in every part of Australia but vary in frequency from many in the north to few in the south east. They are more common in the warmer months especially in the north. In the summer a combination of heat convection, the lowering air pressure and the rising moisture levels generate large areas of thunderstorms in the north.

In the south thunderstorms are more often in winter where the cold air masses flow over the relatively warm ocean causing brief storms that may or may not result in hail. The most severe storms in Australia occur along the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range and the east coast from NSW to Queensland. Some of these storms have given birth to tornadoes. The most common cause of damage associated with thunderstorms in Australia is downburst. Some severe storms cause up to three million dollars worth of damage. The effects on Australia are generally the same as the effects world wide, general destruction of property and crops.

Survival Techniques for Thunderstorms

Before the storm comes:

Secure doors, windows and loose objects outside. Bring all animals in or place them in a covered secure area. Stay in side or if you are in a car park under some form of cover, but not trees as the branches or tree may fall.

Indoors during storm:

keep updated on the storm, don't use electrical appliances as lightning may be transmitted and avoid using water from taps.

Lightning:

your car is safer than outside in the storm as it acts like a hollow metal conductor, meaning the charge doesn't fill the interior, just be careful of the fuel tank. Victims DO NOT carry an electrical charge and need to be helped immediately

Outside during storm:

get into a building or covered area as soon as possible. If the storm develops a tornado it is better to be somewhere other than a car. Keep away from bodies of water and anything that could potentially act as a lightning rod. Never shelter under a single tall tree as this will increase your chances of being struck. If you are in a boat on the water, head to the shore as quickly as you can. If you are outside and there isn't anywhere to shelter, squat low with you hands gripping your knees but don't lay down as this increases your contact with the ground. If you feel your hair stand on end drop anything metal and squat down as lightning is about to strike. Also be careful in low lying areas as flash flooding may occur

library.thinkquest.org/12151/thunder.html

www.crh.noaa.gov/top/april18

www.nssl.noaa.gov/edu/storm

weather.cool.edu/sirvatka/ts.html

www.usatoday.com/weather/wtsm0.html

www2.sunnysuffolk.edu/mandias/honors/student/tornado/thunderstorm.html

www.weather.com/encyclopedia/thunder.form.html

www.fema.gov/library/thunderf.html

www.mcwar.org/articles/types/storm_types.pdf

lightningstorm.com

www.pbs.org/wnet/savageplanet/03deadlyskies/01lforms/indexmid.html

www.hk-phy.org/iq/lightning/lightning_e.html

www.anglefire.com/ct2/lightning/info.html

www.nssl.noaa.gov/edu/ltg

www.strikingimages.com/light.htm

home.iprimis.com.au/ozthunder/thunder.htm

www.australiaseverweather.com

www.born.gov.au/lam/climate/levelthree/c20thc/storm.html

www.weather.com/encyclopedia/winter/blizzard.html

members.aol.com/windgust/Blizzads_and_Noreasters.html

www.erh.noaa.gov/er/cae/svrwx/hail/hail.html

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Society: The effect of television on society

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Recent studies from all around the world have proved that Television has an effect on people as individuals and as a whole. We have coined the phrase "couch potato" for people who sit around watching TV all the time. There has been numerous studies on people of all ages from toddlers to senior citizens on what effects television has on the human psyche. No one can say and believe that television has no effects on society. It is argued constantly whether television reflects society or society reflects what they see on television. TV has become a major part of every American home. Many other developed countries are just the same. Society is what is on television. It is real people acting like another real person writes them to act. Society is making TV so in my opinion neither society or TV actually "reflect" one another, but they blend into pure entertainment. One way or the other, people and society as a whole are affected by television in many ways. Many People like to argue that television is horrible and that it ruins kids minds. There is good evidence to support this view also. Robert DuRant is one of the many people that believe what children are exposed to teaches them how they are supposed to act. He has studied how exposure to violence in the media results in fighting, carrying a weapon, and an intention to use violence. In a study done in 1 by the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, it was shown that American children watch an average of three to four hours of television a day. (American 1) The most suprising results of DuRant's studies were that girls were more affected than boys were. Kids who had already seen violence on television were more likely to imitate what they saw and were more likely to be violent in school. Often children who see violence on the television cannot differentiate what is reality and what is television. This can mean big trouble for the child and the people who may be around the child when he chooses to figure out the hard way. Whether television is "horrible" or not is everyone's own opinion, but it does effect society's young and old. (McLellan 1-) There has also been studies about TV making Americans fat. When you throw in a Big Mac and some fries with two and a half hours of TV a day, of course your going to gain weight. Unfortunately many Americans today actually do this on a daily basis. Not saying that television makes us fat by itself. Like the Big Mac I mentioned before, fast food is really blamed for making Americans fat. Television has proved a major cut in exercise and physical activities simply because it provides something else to do. Before television was around people did things outside because there was not much point in sitting around inside. People did read, but most of the time people read before bed or after they have been active and are relaxing. This is another way that television affects society and the people who make it up. Television consists of images and situations within which we grow up and live. In other words, we learn from TV whether we even realize it or not. At any time of day you can turn on the television and see something that you have never seen before. If you are not even paying attention you might even catch something subliminally. Considering how much Americans watch TV now days, most people seem to be paying more attention than that though. It is the same thing as sporting events have done to kids even before television. Before television, but not before sports, all boys wanted to be a football player, baseball player or some sports star. Now days there are still those who want to do those things because they see them on TV, but there is also those who want to be movie stars and newscasters. This alone proves that television has effected society just by the fact that it has created a humongous amount of jobs. Some people shape their lives around being on and around the television business. Others shape their lives around watching television. How many women do you know, and even some younger girls, that tape their favorite soap or soaps when they have to go somewhere during the day. Everyone knows at least one woman who does or has done this. This is also an example of an effect of television on society, planning around what comes on TV. Some specific shows have been shown to influence peoples behaviors. WWF, for example, has been proven to increase not only the use of violence, but also the use of cigarettes, alcohol, drugs, and more. (McLellan 1-) What are kids thinking when they are watching wrestling and the coolest guy comes out and downs a beer and then wins the match. They are thinking, man that is cool, I want to be like him. Okay, so all kids do not think exactly this way, but a good number of them do. Oprah influences society in another way. Millions of women watch Oprah every day and pay very close attention to what she and her guests have to say. Women ask Oprah and Dr. Phil their most important questions. How does TV not affect society again? Oh yeah, it really affects society in many ways and on more than one level. Advertising companies sure do believe that television has an effect society. If they did not think that television was affecting people they would not pay hundreds of thousands, and even millions of dollars during big events, for thirty second commercials. The commercials during the super bowl have become almost as popular as the game itself and recently have cost brand names billions of dollars. Companies pay big money to advertise during the Olympics also. Advertising companies are really developed around advertising on television, because almost every American has a TV in his or her house. Violence is all over the media these days and it too affects the way society sees reality. Humans are unconsciously attracted to violence and when TV writers were finally allowed to show it on television they knew it would be a jackpot. Television networks will put violence in a commercial for a show that will come on later to attract the viewer's eye and make him or her want to watch the show. (Szaflik 1) This is sad but true. Can we stop it now that it has gone this far though? Children are the most influenced by watching TV. Children are still learning new things every single day and are exited about it. What they see on TV makes them wonder about all the situations that they are seeing. Depending on what they are watching this could be a very bad or a very good thing. For a kid who grows up watching I Love Lucy and the Discovery Channel, he should be fine. He will still be influenced by all of the shows ideas and situations, but he will be learning reasonably good things. But the kid who grows up watching gangster movies and horror films with violence and sex in them might not turn out so fine and dandy. This child is going to grow up with all the wrong ideas about sex and violence and life itself. While not every kid will be a screw up because they watched rated R films when they were young, the ones without good families will more than likely become one. Television now is way worse than what was shown on the big screen in the 50's. And violence and sex offenses have raised non-stop since then. This is an effect that TV has on society. While television can be good entertainment and even educational, some is also bad. No matter which way one chooses to look at the matter, television does affect society. Television not only affects society in the short-term, but also in the long. Columbia University's Jeffery Johnson did a study on about 700 boys and girls about some longer-term effects of television viewing. He and other researchers followed the kids for seventeen years and took into consideration family income, childhood neglect, and psychiatric disorders. With all these things accounted for, the fact still remained that violent television viewing resulted in adults who behaved more aggressively than people who viewed TV much less. This study was published in Science magazine. The editorial that accompanied the study said that it probably underestimated the effects of TV violence. Research shows that one average hour of television viewing contains four or five acts of violence. Most cartoons contain twenty to twenty five violent acts an hour. America's first major study on the effects of violence on television was a 17 U.S. surgeon generals report that said, Televised violence, indeed, does have an adverse effect on certain members of our society. (Blakey 1) Shannon Kennedy believes that television is a drug. She believes it is addictive and a destroyer of human life. Not unlike drugs or alcohol, the television experience allows the viewer to blot out the real world and enter into a pleasurable and passive mental state. The worries and anxieties of reality are ignored by becoming absorbed in a television program as by going on a trip induced by drugs or alcohol. And just as alcoholics are only vaguely aware of their addiction, feeling that they control their drinking more than they really do, people similarly overestimate their control over television watching. Even as they put off other activities to spend hour after hour watching television, they feel they could easily resume living an active, non-television watching life. With television pleasures available, those other experiences seem less attractive, more difficult because it requires one to actually get up and do something for themselves. 66 percent of American homes have more than three television sets in their homes. 54 percent of kids have a set in their bedrooms. Billions of dollars are spent each year on advertising just for TV shows because commercials influence people to watch more TV, and this is what they are going for. (Kennedy 1) Television has been affecting society ever since people could purchase a set. Television has become a major part of today's society and affects everyone who spends time watching it. I am not saying that TV is bad even though most of the evidence of it affecting society in negative. I believe that television can be a useful educational tool and great entertainment. It is everyone's own opinion whether television is a good idea. People like Kennedy think that it is a drug, and many scientists think it causes people to commit crimes and be more aggressive in older ages. Either way you look at it television does affect society. REFERENCES American Acadamy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Children and TV Violence. July nd, 00. Blakey, Rea. "Study links TV Viewing Among Kids to Later Violence." CNN.com. August 4th, 00. Kennedy, Shannon. Television and Society Viewing Ourselves in a Box.

August 4th, 00 McLellan, Faith. "Do Violent Movies Make Violent Children?" Szaflik, Kevin. School page. July 00 Questions Please note that this sample paper on Society: The effect of television on society is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Society: The effect of television on society, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Society: The effect of television on society will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Socialism: The Family Planning Solution

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Socialism The Family Planning Solution Between 1 and 145 the Jewish population went from fifteen million to nine million. Jewish people were unjustly singled out for persecution and many lost everything before the sadistic mastermind could be stopped. "The local headquarters for the Firma Otto Heil […] located in the town of Kamionka […] was by no means the only large German company to move operations to Polish soil to reap greater wartime profits. I.G. Farben had a large chemical factory in Monowitz, part of the Auschwitz complex. […] Whenever the claim is made that no one knew about the death camps and exploitation of Jewish labor, it should be remembered that these giant companies, many still in business, made use of this labor and that thousands of their employees worker right alongside the dying, skeletal Jews" (Halpern 5). America stands on the brink of facing her own "Holocaust" if action is not taken. The current capitalist society is basically a politicians' democracy which creates the perfect breeding ground for such atrocities to occur. The American people already allow for killing by abortion. By outlawing this practice the population will increase and society will have to develop a more complete welfare system that is possible only through socialism. Transformation of the current family planning system by abolishing abortion would facilitate the transition in America to a worker's democracy, that being socialism.

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Socialism is an economic and political pact that stresses public and community ownership of profitable property. Properties used to manufacture goods and services, such as land and industrial sites, are considered profitable. Within the constructs of this society all people able, excluding children and those of retirement age, are expected to work. Community ownership is viewed as the solution to the abundant public problems that plague civilizations, such as poverty and the inequalities found among the different social classes of people.Karl Marx, by far the most significant socialist in history, co-wrote the Communist Manifesto (1848) with Friedrich Engels which ultimately led to the formation of the First International (Schneck 1). Marx, a philosopher and economist, and Engels, a journalist, were both Germans who saw private property as the downfall of modern societies. Marx contended that the weaknesses of capitalism would foster its deterioration, thus enabling the working class to eradicate private property. The First International convened in 1865 in London and resulted in the idea of a revolution towards state socialism, rule strictly by the working class (1). While many socialists agreed with the First International, some believed that reform needed to occur gradually rather than from an abrupt transformation. This concept, termed moderate socialism, matured throughout the later 1800's and early 100's to become the central focus of many new socialist groups. The Fabian Society, established in 1884 in the United Kingdom, was just one outcome of the new movement (1). Although socialism surfaced in Europe in the 1800's, it did not find a home in the United States until 101 (). Eugene V. Debs, who ran for president of the United States four times, and Victor L. Berger, who served in Congress, were influential members of the Socialist Party (). The Socialist Party, a combination of labor advocates and Christian socialists, managed to influence politics without ever having a candidate win the presidential election. The Christian socialists emphasized biblical visions of communal property with each individual working towards a united goal of harmony. The Socialist Party also sprouted presidential candidate Norman M. Thomas whose ideas influenced the national recovery aspects of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal ().Despite the fact that many socialist ideas were being utilized in the United States, the Cold War weakened the interest of socialism because many connected it with Communism. This lack of attraction during the 140's and 150's paved the way for the development of a new socialism during the 160's and 170's designated the New Left (). Sizeable capitalist corporations, advertising effects, and lack of adequate welfare programs were scrutinized by affiliates Herbert Marcuse, Noam Chomsky and Michael Harrington. The fall of the Soviet Union in 11, left many regarding socialism as inferior which furthered the need for socialist groups to adopt various other names in order to operate effectively.Age-old beliefs such as "it takes a village to raise a child" ring true, even today, and can be used in conjunction with socialism to help ease serious societal problems. Children, especially in low-income areas, run rampant and lack some much needed guidance. A comprehensive welfare system is not the only benefit that socialism would have on these communities. The very basis of socialism demands that the needs of everyone be considered alike, with the good of all humankind as the goal. To instill such a feeling of worth and importance in people who were formerly repressed would do wonders for humanity. No longer would big businesses be allowed to exploit their workers. Economic diversities would diminish thus alleviating the immense poverty issues that plague America's cities. Medically assisted procreation (MAP) has become increasingly more prevalent in recent years, with an estimated 500,000 children born to artificially inseminated women by 18 (Githens 1). Whereas most activists hold steadfast ideas concerning the status of the fetus when dealing with abortion, the leftover MAP embryos have created a gray area of controversy. Although artificial insemination has been on record since the 1700's, it was the technology of cryogenic preservation that paved the way for in vitro fertilization (IVF) to vastly expand fertility options (11). Cryogenic preservation, the process of freezing and thawing sperm (140), fertilized embryos and ova has been regarded as a miracle by many couples who long for a family (11). Anti-abortionists question what happens to the remainder of the embryos whom are not chosen. They fail to find a distinction between the end result of the surplus of embryos and direct abortions. The world faces various imminent dangers due to overpopulation yet society allows for the artificial creation of life.Family planning has become just another name for eugenics. MAP is an expensive process which allows it to retain an elite status. Politicians and physicians introduced artificial insemination slowly and have concentrated on exploiting its intense emotional effects on families to gain support from American citizens. As technology advanced, prospective parents could begin choosing certain genetic traits such as sex, hair and eye color, and soon personality and intelligence, as well as avoiding birth defects. "Applied biogenetics, as well as MAP, are thus immediately labeled as tools of racism, a first step toward the horrific Final Solution of Nazi Germany" (1). Eliminating socialists became the aspirations of Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini due to the fundamental effect that socialists had in preventing the Nazi occupation of Europe. Socialism must awaken in humanity in order to prevent history from repeating itself.Family planning activists argue that the Roe v. Wade (17) decision did not invent abortion. On that argument the abortion activists are correct, but they neglect to admit that their "victory" opened the door for eugenics. Politicians allowed for the significance of the decision to be placed on the shoulders of women's rights to disguise the underlying after shocks they desired. Throughout American history the seeds of change have been planted unusually long before a desired harvest of conversion. This is exemplified by the Population Council having to hide their underlying motive to ultimately change the current family planning policy from the media during the 150's (Baker ). By turning the focus of family planning, including abortion, to a women's rights campaign movement the research necessary to carry out eugenics was allowed to proceed openly, although under false pretenses. Many maintain that socialism lacks the necessary economic flexibility that the technological world receives from capitalism. Socialism would eliminate the economic depressions that have plagued the United States during its history, including the one it is currently in. Capitalism may provide plasticity, but it also drives a wedge between the social classes of people and causes extreme unrest. It is not by coincidence that the richest and most influential individuals and corporations glorify capitalism; they are the ones with the most to lose. Ironically, it is those people who also would benefit the greatest from the implementation of socialism, which would allow them to assess their worth from within instead of materialistically. At the beginning of the twentieth century Germany had expertise in various fields of knowledge, such as science, medicine and technology. They were an exceedingly educated and an unquestionably cultured society, yet they lacked the vital component of ethics. "The Holocaust was different because it came at the hands of those we would have been certain were incapable of committing atrocities. […] The death camps were designed by professors and built by Ph.D.s." (Blech 1). The United States today in the 1st century finds itself on the forefront of much technological advancement. Whereas no one contends the hi-tech aspects of American society, can anyone be assured that ethical standards are being utilized? If we do not learn from our history then we are doomed to repeat its horrific events. Socialists were targeted by Hitler and Mussolini because socialism way the only way to stop the Nazi activity. Politician Eduard Bernstein asserted that "socialism must be achieved within a democratic system" by making "members of the middle class […] allies and striv[ing] for practical reforms instead of revolutionary change" (Schneck ). For America to remain the home of the free her citizens must abolish the current family planning system, including abortion, and set up a socialist society. Works CitedBaker, Kristen Lynn. "Abortion The Savior of Democracy." Unpublished Essay. Columbia Basin Community College at Pasco, 00.Blech, Rabbi Benjamin. "Civilized Murderers." Aish.com. 1. http//www.aish.com/holocaust/issues/Civilized_Murderers.asp (1 Aug. 00).Ellis, Rabbi Eliahu, and Rabbi Shmuel Silinsky. "Scientific Jew Hatred." Aish.com. 00. http//www.aish.com/holocaust/overview/Scientific_Jew_Hatred.asp (1 Aug. 00).Halpern, Sam. "Sam Halpern- Personal Testimony." Aish.com. 16. http//www.aish.com/holocaust/people/sam_halpern1.asp (1 Aug. 00).Schneck, Stephen. "Socialism." World Book Online Americas Edition. http//www.aolsvc.worldbook.aol.com/ar?/na/ar/co/ar51770.htm (8 Aug. 00). Please note that this sample paper on Socialism: The Family Planning Solution is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Socialism: The Family Planning Solution, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on Socialism: The Family Planning Solution will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Financial Investment Industry Product Cycle

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The investment industry is composed of a wide variety of firms. The main players include independent full line brokerage firms, investment bank subsidiaries of chartered banks, and discount brokers. Independent full line brokerage firms offer a wide range of services, including underwriting, trading of stocks, advice and research. The full service brokerage subsidiaries of chartered banks offer the same services; however, banks brokerage firms may have a larger pre-established clientele. Finally, the discount brokers are basic stockbrokers that perform trades for clients who do not want investment advice. Banks entered the investment industry, whereby they took over full-service brokerages, introduced mutual funds to the banking industry and became part of discount brokering. The demand for investment financial services was expanding. This became evident by the average increase in revenue, which was happening in the mid 10's. An additional indication of growth in the investment industry was the fact that the number of firms in the industry had increased from the beginning days of the investment industry. It is obvious that the industry was growing; however the cause for this growth was due to the demographics of society point towards an aging population. This aging society is comprised of active retired and semi-retired individuals who have knowledge, time and disposable income for investing purposes. Moreover, younger generations that fear the elimination of the existing of social security because of the aging population were interested in building there own retirement plan. Secondly, the fact that people wanted to be more educated about the investments industry ties into an additional cause for growth in the industry during this era. The market was offering more information to those who wanted to be part of it. This additional information reduced investors fear of not knowing enough, and if they choose to take advantage of the available information they could capitalize on it. Also, more information gives people the perception that they are able to make an increased number of higher quality investment decisions.Finally, the entrance of banks into the industry increased public interest. First of all, banks carry a great deal of trust, which is extremely important to the average investor. Second, banks are higher profile marketers so they reach a larger number of people. In addition, the large number of branches makes the product readily available and easily accessible. Banks also have a large existing customer base to which they can market products, and influence investing. Overall, banks increased the demand for investment services by creating interest and awareness to people who would otherwise not give extensive consideration to investments.

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The investment industry is very volatile in that the upward trend in the market does not guarantee the same trend tomorrow. Investment dealers cannot fully command the direction of their profits. The market they work with, capital markets is greatly affected by external factors. Falling stock and bond prices can negatively affect industry profits, because they reduce capital market activity (example of what happened after September 11, 001 tragedy). In addition, volatility is affected by consumer confidence. If unsophisticated investors believe the market is unstable and fail to realize the problem may only be a rumor, then they may all pull out at the same time causing upheaval and drastic downturns in profit. In such a situation, investment dealers have no control over the situation or their profits. Every investor suffers the consequences of volatility. However, even though this volatility exists there are means to attract investors to the capital market, thereby outperforming competitors and increasing revenue derived from service fees. First, the investment dealer must build trust with the investor. This is of extreme importance to the potential client because of the amount and importance of the funds that they are investing. More importantly, trust is needed in order to attract new clients, through word of mouth, and maintain existing ones. Second, the client is greatly concerned with the performance or returns of their portfolio. Even though the market is volatile, the investment dealer is trusted to properly assess their clients financial situation, level of risk aversion and investment decisions in order to establish the best portfolio. Their ability to carry out these functions will influence, to a certain degree, the performance of the investment dealer through returns. Third, customers want continuous high quality service. This means that in addition to the service provided at the time of the portfolio selection, they also want a relationship with the dealer. Specifically, the customer may want to be kept informed on their portfolio as well as changes, which may be occurring in the market. Being able to continue this high quality service will prove to attract many unsophisticated investors and establish a long-term clientele. At this point, it is important to know that the investment dealers must have the expertise to identify which investors want this service and which dont. Their failure to do this may actually cause the loss of sophisticated investors who do not want to be bothered. One of the most important factors in choosing an investment firm is trustworthiness followed by their performance and service.After these three factors, the speed of processing transactions has equal importance to a customer. Since prices change very rapidly in this volatile industry, timing is everything, For this reason, customers would prefer to have immediate accessibility to the trading floor without going through the middleman. Present changes indicate that the industry is headed in this direction. Presently many firms allows foreign securities to be traded through electronic trading terminals thereby bypassing the brokers responsibility to contact a trader on the costly exchange floor. The trade would no longer require attendance to the exchange floor, since the transaction could be done electronically at designated institutions. Investment brokers will now have to excel in areas, which cannot be replaced by electronic technology, such as research, knowledge about the industry and building a trusting rapport with customers. The securities industry and the financial services industry in general are highly automated and technically advanced. This allows the industry to operate efficiently and cost effectively. The marginal costs of processing a $10 transaction and a $10-billion one are minimal. Technology gives investors the ability to make transactions easily and quickly. Therefore, investing becomes more attractive because of the relative ease and convenience of trade execution. The cost effectiveness of the industry also allows it to compete abroad with larger brokers thus increasing its customer base. The entrance of banks also boosted competition and led to further reductions in costs. Chartered banks have also given the industry a boost because of their large client base, credibility, high-degree of technology, marketing expertise, and environment. Banks can offer an entire array of financial services and instruments, which provides a great deal of convenience. Customers can easily open direct trading accounts with their branch and make transfers to and from their savings accounts. This is the one-stop shopping approach has made the securities industry more attractive and strengthened it. Although law prohibits the transfer of financial information about bank clients between banks and their investment dealing subsidiaries (to maintain confidentiality and credibility), the banks can still act as channels of information to potential customers. The industry has a large number of indirect employees acting as agents for their services this helps to boost demand. A growing interest in the industry in terms of education can only help strengthen the industry. Most industry brokers are required to pass Series 7, 8, , and 6 exams to trade. This translates to a high number of knowledgeable people being employed within the industry. This helps the industry in that customers are better served, and they are inclined to invest more due to the fact that they trust the investment dealer. Which allows for more cash flow into the market meaning more profits for the investment dealers due to increased commissions. The industrys dependence on the performance of the securities markets can be considered a weakness. This is because the industrys main purpose revolves around the stock market itself. So if the stock market is lagging (like it has the past couple years), profits will fall due to a lower number and value of transactions. In addition, firms are much less willing to enter a bearish market for new financing. This is also the case when firms are doing well since they may not require increased financing and may not need the services of an investment dealer. Unlike banks that have the government protecting the accounts of their customers, investors' portfolios are in no way secured in terms of value. This creates a negative feeling towards investing because highly risk adverse individuals would rather lock up their money in the bank. The Brokerage Industry derives the majority of its income from commissions and since most of the revenue comes from commissions, it is apparent that revenue is largely dependent on volume and value of transactions. Transaction volume and values are dependent on the performance of the stock market and shifts in the stock market affect the stability of the industrys profits.My conclusion based on the above life cycle; it is fair to say that the industry has a positive outlook for the future. This can be said despite the industrys dependence on stock market activity. A growing interest in the industry is proof of this, as the number of firms involved is increasing as well as the number of professionals entering the fields within the investment industry. An additional indication of the industrys growth is the increased participation of banks, combining one of most important industries with the investment industry. As the public becomes more aware of the potential gains from investing, the future of the industry will be reinforced. Long gone are the days when people held large sums of money in static bank accounts. A changed population in terms of education, demographics are seeking an investment for their futures, which can earn greater returns than a bank account. Considering this new demand for securities, investment dealers have a greater incentive to devise additional attractive financial instruments in order to attract the undecided. In short, a need for greater returns leads to increased asset demand thereby increasing market activity which in turn will strengthen the investment dealer industry as a whole. Please note that this sample paper on Financial Investment Industry Product Cycle is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Financial Investment Industry Product Cycle, we are here to assist you. Your cheap college papers on Financial Investment Industry Product Cycle will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Team Dynamics

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Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Team Dynamics, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Team Dynamics paper at affordable prices!Team Dynamics

Team Dynamics

Richard D. Parker Jr.

Gen-00 Skills for Professional Development

Mr. Ed Virden

September 8, 00

Team Dynamics 1

The purpose of this paper is to define and describe the inner workings of a team

which is referred to as Team Dynamics. Examples of how groups interact are contained

herein. Teams are put together to perform specific task. They know why they are there,

what they have to do and what the expected outcome of their efforts will be. In order to

discuss Team Dynamics we must define what is a team, its characteristics and types.

What Is A Team?

Not everyone who works together or in a close proximity belongs to a team. A team

is a group of people who are independent with respect to information, resources, and

skills and who combine their efforts to achieve a common goal.

Characteristic of Teams

• Teams exist to achieve shared goals. Simply put, teams have work to do. Teams

produce outcomes for which members have collective responsibilities and reap

some form of collective reward.

• Teams members are independent regarding their assigned task. Team members

are interdependent in regards to common goals. Interdependence is a hallmark

of teamwork. That means that team members cannot achieve their goals single-

handedly, but instead, must rely on each other to meet shared objectives.

• Teams are bounded and stable over time. . Bounded ness means that the teams

have an identifiable membership, as well as non-membership.

Team Dynamics

• Team members have the authority to manage their own work and internal

processes.

• Teams operate in a social context. They are not an island unto themselves,

they often alongside other teams.

Types of teams

There are three general kinds of teams that organizations use to achieve their

Goals

• Teams that form naturally form work units, doing the day-to-day work of the

organization.

• Task teams address a specific problem or opportunity.

• Management teams are drawn from people who direct operational or

organizational units.

Team Dynamics 4

Team Dynamics

For every group of people that to come together for a common purpose, there are things that influence the group as a whole. What we are about to discuss is group

behavior or Team Dynamics. We found that The Abilene Paradox on page 181 of the book, Tools For Teams is a good example of how people can get caught up in certain behaviors because they are in a common circumstance. The following story will give a graphic example.

The July afternoon in Coleman, Texas (population 5,607) was particularly hot---104 degrees As measured by the Walgreen's Rexall Ex-Lax temperature gauge. In addition, the wind was blowing fine-grained West Texas topsoil through the house. But the afternoon was still tolerable even potentially enjoyable. There was a fan going on the back porch; there was cold lemonade; and finally, there was entertainment. Dominoes. Perfect for the conditions. The game required little more physical exertion than an occasional mumbled comment, "Shuffle 'em" and an unhurried movement of the arm to place the spots in the appropriate perspective on the table. All in all, it had the markings of an agreeable Sunday afternoon in Coleman---that is, it was until my father-in-law suddenly said, "Let's get in the car and go to Abilene and have dinner at the cafeteria.

Team Dynamics 5

I thought, "What, go to Abilene? Fifty-three miles? In this dust storm and

at? And in an unairconditioned 158 Buick? But my wife chimed in with "Sounds like a great idea. I'd like to go. How about you, Jerry? Since my own preferences were obviously out of step with the rest I replied, "Sounds good to me," and added, " I just hope your mother wants to go." "Of course I want to go," said my mother-in-law. "I haven't been to Abilene in a long time.' So into the car and off to Abilene we went. My predictions were fulfilled. The heat was brutal. We were coated with a fine layer of dust that was cemented with perspiration by the time we arrived. The food at the cafeteria provided first-rate testimonial material for antacid commercial. Some four hours and 106 miles later we returned to Coleman, hot and exhausted. We sat in front of the fan for a long time in silence. Then, both to be sociable and to break the silence, I said," It was a great trip, wasn't it?" No one spoke. Finally my mother-in-law said, with some irritation, "Well, to tell the truth, I really didn't enjoy it much and would rather have stayed here. I just went along because the three of you were so enthusiastic about going. I wouldn't have gone if you all hadn't pressured me into it." I couldn't believe it. "What do you mean 'you all'?" I said. " Don't put me in the 'you all' group. I was delighted to be doing what we were doing. I didn't want to go. I only went to satisfy the rest of you. You're the culprits." My wife looked shocked. "Don't call me a culprit. You and Daddy and Mama were the ones who wanted to go. I just went along to be sociable and to keep you happy. I would have had to be crazy to want to go out in heat like that." Her father entered the conversation abruptly. "Hell!" he said. and proceeded to expand on what was

Team Dynamics 6

already absolutely clear. "Listen, I never wanted to go to Abilene. I just thought you might be bored. You visit so seldom I wanted to be sure you enjoyed it.

I would have preferred to play another game of dominoes and eat the left-overs in the icebox." After the outburst of recrimination we all sat back in silence. Here we were,

four reasonably sensible people who, of our own volition, had just taken a 106-mile trip across a go-forsaken desert in a furnace-like temperature through a cloud-like dust storm

to eat unpalatable food at a hole-in-the-wall cafeteria in Abilene, when none of us had really wanted to go. In fact, to be more accurate, we'd done just the opposite of what we wanted to do. The whole situation simply didn't make sense

(Harvey, 174).

This story was retold in the hopes that the reader will relate to what people will do just to get along. Just getting along should not be the final arbiter of what a group is all about. Groups or teams are formed out of mutual interest. There must be honest and practical feedback from the team or group members to be effective. Weather or not they are family groups or work groups, thoughtful input is essential to the dynamic of the group In different societies that have values different from people of the United States of America; some of them work for the success of the collective. We as human beings must lay aside our personal ambitions to elevate the masses. It is not prudent to suggest change for the sake of change, but suggest change when it will improve or enlighten the group.

Team Dynamics 7

In the nineteen thirties a tyrant by the name of Adolph Hitler lead a whole nation down the path of destruction without significant resistance. He and his henchmen orchestrated the murder of millions of innocent people. Good hard working and law-abiding people stood by while this mad man and his cohorts set out to fulfill their agenda.

Hitler successfully propagandized and terrorized a whole people to work his will. If you are wondering how this directly relates to our subject, consider this In any group of

people there are variations of personality. Some are passive and others are aggressive. Those that actively seek to guide the group more often exert the most influence. Depending on what the motivation is and level of commitment to the common good, aggressive personalities can be an asset. On the other hand passive personalities can deprive the group of valuable input.

Before we go any further, an explanation of what team dynamics is will be required. Team dynamics are the invisible and natural forces that have a strong effect on the way a team operates. The effects of team dynamics are as complex as the human personality. Human relations are the biggest influence on team dynamics because it can dictate the way information is distributed among a group. For example, a group of four people, two of whom are close friends and the others are strangers to each other and the group as a whole. The two friends will readily pass information between each other, while on the other hand the strangers would be less likely to communicate freely with each other. This particular group has the potential to divide itself into two subgroups.

Team Dynamics 8

This situation could possibly alienate the members that have not developed a relationship with the group as a whole. This potential problem could cause friction in the group if information and fair distribution task are not provided.

To further clarify the inner workings of team dynamics we must explore some critical points

Safety

Team members must be free from harassment and personal attacks. There must be

mutual respect among members. This promotes and encourages freedom to express

opinions

Inclusion

Each team member must feel that he or she is a part of the group and their input is

Valued. With out this, a member will be alienated from the group.

Free Interaction

The team members must be free to interact with each other. If this does not

happen the team will not be as effective as it could.

Team Dynamics

Appropriate Level of Independence

Autonomy is valued in our society. The freedom to go about performing assigned

task in away which suites the individual, brings out the creativity and uniqueness of

the group member, which can enhance the overall success of the group.

In conclusion Team Dynamics are not a readily identifiable aspect of how people work together. Much care should be taken to insure that each member has significant participation. Mutual respect and consideration are important keys to its success. Well-defined goals reduce confusion and open lines of communication head off misunderstanding. In today's work place teams have replaced the need for mid-level management. Therefore employees have more responsibility and a greater sense of autonomy. The introduction of the team concept has allowed for greater diversity and the creation of fresh ideas. REFERENCES

NYS Governor's Office of Employee Relations. (n.d.). Fundamental Team

and Meeting Skills. Retrieved September 00, from

http//www.goer.ny.us/Train/onlinelearnig/FTMS/100s1.html

California State University (june1, 00). Tips for Soccer Moms and Dads. Retrieved

September , 00, from

http//www.calstate.edu/faculty/dfrank/soccer/tmdynamx.htm

Brunel University (n.d.). Exploring Design and Innovation. Retrieved September , 00,

From http//brunel.ac.uk/reseasrch/exploring/etp/teamdynamics.html

VerbaCom Executive Development (n.d.). An international training company

Specializing in public speaking, executive professional development, presentation

Techniques, and international business etiquette. Retrieved September , 00 from

http//www.verbacom.com/cs4.html Please note that this sample paper on Team Dynamics is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Team Dynamics, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Team Dynamics will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!