Dr Faustus

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Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Dr Faustus, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Dr Faustus paper at affordable prices with !Christopher Marlowe's play, Dr. Faustus, centers around the contradictory character of Doctor Faustus. Faustus possesses an incredible capability for eloquence and ambition, but is prone to blindness and wasting his powers. Faustus's unfortunate fate is forecast from the very beginning. The Chorus foreshadows the destiny of Faustus by comparing him to the mythological character of Icirus. In reference to Faustus, the chorus proclaims

Till, swollen with a cunning, of a self conceit,

His waxen wings did mount above his reach,

And melting heavens conspired his overthrow.

(Prologue, 0)

He is arrogant and swelled, yet his grand ambitions are so impressive that he earns sympathy. Faustus is torn between two traditions. He is a man with medieval beliefs, but renaissance aspirations. Faustus is a modern man, the combination of the renaissance and medieval man. Faustus represents the spirit of the Renaissance, through his rejection of the God centered universe, and his embracement of human potential. In this transitional play, beliefs from medieval and renaissance time periods intermingle within Faustus's life, often with ruinous results.

From a medieval perspective Dr. Faustus can be viewed as a morality play. Faustus is a man who aspires to go beyond his God-given role in the world. In the Middle Ages a man was trapped in whatever social class he was born into. Immediately the reader is alerted to the upbringing and family status of Faustus

His parents base of stock

In Germany, within a town called Rhodes

(Prologue, 11-1)

Faustus is born into an impoverished family and pays the price for trying to change his societal role. Faustus does not only slightly try to raise his position in society, but essentially tries to be on the same level as God. Faustus is first presented sitting in his study. There is grandeur to Faustus as he contemplates all the marvels that his magical powers will produce and claims

A sound magician is a mighty god.

Here Faustus, try thy brains to gain a deity.

(ScI, 6-6)

Faustus has aspirations that are beyond his limitations as a human. The righteous medieval man had patience and practiced moderation, two traits Faustus does not adhere to. Faustus betrays God and faces the consequences. Faustus for a period openly declares he believes prosperity arrives when men, "despair in God, and trust in Belzebub" (Sc V, 5). Proclamation that faith should be placed in the Devil, and not God, goes against central medieval practices. Faustus is so far detached from God that he has no chance of salvation and affirms this when he cries out, "Faustus' offence can ne'er be pardoned! The serpent that tempted Eve may be saved, but not Faustus" (ScVIII, 15-16). Faustus ignores warnings from other characters. The Old Man, who is the model medieval man, cautions Faustus

I see an angel hovers o'er thy head,

And with a vial full of precious grace

Offers to pour the same into thy soul!

Then call for mercy, and avoid despair.

(ScXII,44-47)

Faustus disregards the Old though and ventures so far from his advice that he offers Meshastophilis, "with my blood again I will confirm my former vow I made to Lucifer" (6-6). By the end of the play, Faustus has conflicting sentiments about his life choices, and recognizes his impending death and pleads to God

For Christ's sake, whose blood hath ransomed me,

Impose some end to my incessant pain"

(Sc XIII, -)

Faustus begs God to limit his punishment in the underworld to less than eternity, however, his pleas go unanswered. The chorus stresses the medieval, specifically the moral aspect, of Faustus's error

Faustus is gone! Regard his hellish fall,

Whose fiendful fortune may exhort the wise

Only to wonder at unlawful things"

(Epilogue, 4-6)

Faustus is used by the chorus as an example for how others should not act if they are to uphold medieval standards. Faustus ironically seeks to exceed mans moral limits and as he becomes more powerful, faces an irrevocable disaster and is damned to an eternity in hell as a result of his selfish goal.

Doctor Faustus's life is a tragedy from the renaissance point of view and his character embodies the typical renaissance individual. The Renaissance was a time period when people were able to advance beyond their born social position. Faustus is essentially a good man by Renaissance ideals and is admirable for challenging convention. Faustus is an arrogant, yet impressively ambitious, scholar who desires grandiose knowledge without the help of God and Christianity, which was the central religion during his time. Faustus's fate is a warning to Christians to not become trapped by science, ambition and pleasure. In his quest to acquire knowledge, Faustus distrusts, medicine, logic and law. He declares he has mastered these practices and tells himself he needs to "read no more, thou hast attained the end" (scI, 10). Faustus in his first soliloquy concludes that there is no outcome in life other than death, "the reward of sin is death (scI, 40), and thus feels there is no reason to put his faith into something resulting solely in death and declares, " What will be, shall be! Divinity, adieu!" (scI, 47-48). Faustus believes "necromantic books are heavenly" (scI, 50) and turns his motives to transforming his surroundings into a "world of profit and delight, of power, of honor, of omnipotence" (scI, 5-54). Faustus is a renaissance man because he believes he reaches the end of human knowledge and for that reason feels it is justifiable to turn to the black arts and conjure the devil to further his learning. Metastophilis offers to Faustus a great deal of what the Renaissance highly valued. Faustus desires

Having thee [Metastophilis] ever to attend on me,

To give me whatsoever I shall ask,

To tell me whatsoever I shall demand...

(ScV, 4-6)

To his list of worthless material demands Mephastophilis responds by telling him, "I will [give them to you] Faustus" (ScV, 10). Faustus's downfall is complete and caused by his extreme pride from a renaissance view point.

The persona of Faustus is that of the first tragic modern man. He incorporates both medieval and renaissance beliefs. He is torn between being a believer and a nonbeliever and fluctuates between dependence and independence upon God. When Faustus is signing his soul over to Lucifer and his blood begins to congeal he has second thoughts and questions, "is not thy soul thine own?"(ScV, 68) When the blood stops flowing from his arm, it is as if God is intervening and signaling to Faustus to stop. After this happens, Faustus wonders, "Is it unwilling I should write this bill?"(ScV, 65). Despite a moment of doubt, Faustus accepts burning coals from Mesphastophilis and proceeds to sign and "bequeathed his soul to Lucifer" (Sc V, 75). One minute Faustus declares to Mesphastophilis, "I will renounce this magic, and repent" (Sc V, 187), but only moments later is persuaded by the evil angel to switch decisions and proclaims in third person, "Faustus shall ne'er repent"(Sc V, 08). Faustus repeatedly is torn when he listens to the Good and Evil angels whom symbolize his conscience and represent good versus evil. One voice bids Faustus to repent; while the other rejects the future prospect of Faustus's salvation

GOOD ANGEL

Faustus repent, yet God will pity thee

EVIL ANGEL

Thou art a spirt, God cannot pity thee

(ScV, 188-18)

Faustus is forced to learn the reality of his own nature, a truth that the Renaissance side of him tries to coerce him to deny, that he is a man and not a god. Faustus recognizes the error he makes by working in conjunction with Lucifer

God forbad it indeed, but Faustus hath done it it for the

vain pleasure of four-and-twenty years hath Faustus lost

eternal joy and felicity!

(ScXIII, 7-)

Faustus makes mistakes, as all mankind does. Nearing the end of his twenty-four year contract, Faustus states, "cursed be the parents that engendered me"(ScXIII, 105), and demonstrates his desire to blame others, which is a typical modern human trait. Faustus is ultimately a modern man and discovers that he is only a small fraction of a much greater whole.

The disillusioned scholar fully illustrates the outcome of pursuing renaissance values while medieval, religious values are sacrificed. Faustus shows large capacities for good as well as evil. He is not malevolent, only self-serving. He ultimately is a modern man who has the fatal flaw of craving power. Throughout his twenty-four-year gamble, he continually contemplates his decision to sell his soul, whether it was right or if he condemns himself, he ultimately chooses to keep his satanic pact. Faustus faces the dilemma frequently dealt with by modern man. He is confined by human finitude and human restrictions stressed by Christian beliefs, but also desires to press deeper into the questions of the world that frequently, when investigated, yield answers. For him to remain content with his restrictions would be denying his talents given to him by God, but when he seeks power through prying into the mysteries of the world, only suffering and evils develop in his life. Faustus transforms from a proud, promising scholar, to a tormented figure doomed to hell. As the chorus proclaims in reference to Faustus, "cut is the branch that might have grown full straight" (Epilogue, 1). Faustus had the potential to live a commendable life, but destroys this opportunity when he signs away his soul in blood to Lucifer in exchange for fleeting power.

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Christina Aguilera song analysis - im ok

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Christina AguileraI'm okTitle I'm okArtist Christina Aguilera

Essay help on Christina Aguilera song analysis - im ok

Year 00Album StrippedMelody vocal, guitarHarmony strings, vocalRhythm guitarInstrumentation guitar, stringsStyle popFormMelody-The melody in this song is pretty basic and repetitive. The melody in the versusis fairly simple whereas the melody in the bridge and chorus are a little morecomplicated. the melody in the last chorus is a tiny bit different because it issung differently in parts.Harmony-There aren't that many harmonies in this song but the ones that are there aredone mainly by the stings and by echo of Christina's voice.Rhythm-The rhythm is really basic and pretty slow, it doesn't vary much except for inthe bridge and chorus where it gets slightly quicker and more pronounced.Form/structure-At the start of the song the introduction is considerably soft, the chorus isthen a fraction louder as the instruments are played louder and more areincluded. After the chorus, which is the loudest at that point, the song goesback into the same pattern of gradually getting louder. The bridge is thenlouder that the chorus because all instruments are being played but not to thefull capacity. The chorus that follows the bridge is the loudest part of thesong. The outroduction then fades out. This is fairly soft.In the introduction there is eerie music playing softly and there is also peopletalking softly in the background. The music travels from left to right giving aninsecure feeling which is what this song is trying to portray.What is the song about?This song is about Christina's childhood. Her father physically abused her andher mother. She tells us a story of a girl getting abused and then changed her perspective in the chorus and tells it from her point of view. She comments on the abuse just being a memory to her father but it still affects her now. The lyrics in this song pretty much explain themselves.

Im Ok Once upon a time there was a girlIn her early years she had to learnHow to grow up living in a war that she called homeNever know just where to turn for shelter from the stormHurt me to see the pain across my mothers faceEverytime my fathers fist would put her in her placeHearing all the yelling I would cry up in my roomHoping it would be over soon Bruises fade father, but the pain remains the sameAnd I still remember how you kept me so afraidStrength is my mother for all the love she gaveEvery morning that I wake I look back to yesterdayAnd Im OK I often wonder why I carry all this guiltWhen its you that helped me put up all these walls Ive builtShadows stir at night through a crack in the doorThe echo of a broken child screaming please no moreDaddy, dont you understand the damage you have doneTo you its just a memory, but for me it still lives on Bruises fade father, but the pain remains the sameAnd I still remember how you kept me so, so afraidStrength is my mother for all the love she gaveEvery morning that I wake I look back to yesterday Its not so easy to forgetAll the lines you left along her neckWhen I was thrown against cold stairsAnd every day Im afraid to come homeIn fear of what I might see there Bruises fade father but the pain remains the sameAnd I still remember how you kept me so afraidStrength is my mother for all the love she gaveEvery morning that I wake I look back to yesterdayAnd Im OKIm OK

BiographyChristina Aguilera was born on Staten Island, New York and her family later settled in Pittsburgh. By the time she was five, Christina knew all the songs from The Sound of Music and performed them at neighborhood block parties. Christina Aguilera was soon performing the National Anthem at professional sporting events in the area. When Christina Aguilera was 10, she went to an open audition for The Mickey Mouse Club. She didnt make it, but two years later Disney invited her back. She got a part and became a Mouseketeer working with now-famous co-stars like Britney Spears, Justin Timberlake and JC Chasez of and Keri Russell from Felicity. Christina Aguilera was in the Mickey mouse club for two yearsDuring her Mouseketeer days, Christina Aguilera caught the eye of manager Steve Kurtz, who requested a demo tape to send to RCA exec, Ron Fair. Amazed by her voice and beauty he offered her a record deal when she was 15. Around the same time he received a call from a friend who worked at Disney who was looking for someone to sing Reflection, the lead song in the animated Mulan flick. His first thought was his new singer Christina Aguilera. She got the role and the song was eventually nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Original Song in a Motion Picture. Her musical influences areEtta James, Billie Holiday and Barbara Streisand. Christina Aguilera won a Grammy for Best New Artist.JewelPieces of youTitle pieces of youArtist JewelYear 14Album Pieces of youMelody guitar, pianoHarmony guitarRhythm guitarStyle popInstrumentation guitar, pianoFormMelody- The melody in this song is extremely repetitive, you notice this more because there are four versus and they don't differ at all. The guitar and the piano make up most of the melody in this song. All of the chorus melodies are the same as well. Harmony-There is very little harmonizing in this song but when there is it is done by the guitar. There are no backing vocals at all, it's just Jewel. I think this is because most of this album was recorded live.Form/structureThe introduction is just guitar and it fades in. this is moderately soft. Then there is a verse which has just guitar and vocal, this is a fraction louder then the introduction. The chorus' are the same loudness as the versus. The outroduction fades out, that involves just guitar. The instrumental breaks in the song consist mainly of guitar.Instrumental-The instruments used in this song are guitar and piano, the music doesn't drown out the lyrics at all but there isn't much variation In the whole song instrumentally .What is the song about?This song is about people judging other people because their different but it is also saying that we judge these people so harshly because we feel we might be the same in some way.

Pieces of youShes an ugly girl, does it make you want to kill her?Shes an ugly girl, do you want to kick in her face?Shes an ugly girl, she doesnt pose a threat.Shes an ugly girl, does that make you feel safe?Ugly girl, ugly girl, do you hate herCause shes pieces of you?Shes a pretty girl, does she make you think nasty thoughts?Shes a pretty girl, do you want to tie her down?Shes a pretty girl, do you call her a bitch?Shes a pretty girl, did she sleep with your whole town?Pretty girl, pretty girl, do you hate herCause shes pieces of you?You say hes a faggot, does it make you want to hurt him?You say hes a faggot, do you want to kick in his brains?You say hes a faggot, does he make you sick to your stomach?You say hes a faggot, are you afraid youre just the same?Faggot, Faggot, do you hate himCause hes pieces of you?You say hes a Jew, does it mean that hes tight?You say hes a Jew, do you want to hurt his kids tonight?You say hes a Jew, hell never wear that funny hat again.You say hes a Jew as though being born were a sin.Oh Jew, oh Jew, do you hate himCause hes pieces of youBiographyJewel Kilcher, born on May , 174 grew up in Alaska. Both of Jewels parents were in the music business and she toured with them. She had her own yodeling act by the time she was 6. Later on her parents broke up and Jewel stayed with her father. She continued to tour with her father for seven years.Jewel attended Michigans Interlochen Fine Arts Academy. She was there on a vocal scholarship for two years. While attending the academy, Jewel began to play guitar. She began writing her own music. After recieving her diploma and graduating, Jewel headed to San Diego and lived with her mother. She had a job there, and was fired from a few.Jewel decided that she would live in her van. In her van she had her own private space with no disturbances. She would write poetry and songs in the van. It was a very quiet place and somewhere she could really concentrate on her music.At a local venue, Jewel started performing on a regular basis. Starting off with smaller crowds and leading up to a record signing with Atlantic Records She recorded her first album, Pieces of You at age 1. It started off fairly slow, but Jewel did not give up. She promoted her album by touring relentlessly and her effort has paid off. Her album going platinum was the highlight of Jewels career.In 18 Jewel released her second album Spirit. The albums success was just as big as her first. Please note that this sample paper on Christina Aguilera song analysis - im ok is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Christina Aguilera song analysis - im ok, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on Christina Aguilera song analysis - im ok will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Jewls of azia

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7 The Jewel Of Azia

"Now that I have avoided and escaped the N.M.B., I can turn all my attention to gaining control of the ,bigger tropical island itself Azia. But there is only one obstacle standing in my way… King Agnomenon and his beautiful daughter, Shakira . Hahahaha hahaha; No one can stand in the way of Ivy The Evil Fairy of the Earth. They don't stand a chance.

Meanwhile below Ivy's secrete lair ,a deep cave at the peak of Mt. Lents, the people of Icily, the capitol of Azia, where totally unaware of the evil brewing on top their mountain. Everyone was in the market buying a gift for Princess Shakira, for it was her 17th birthday and the king decided that everybody should attend the ball that same evening.

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Sasha stayed home and was putting the finishing touches on his gift to the young princess. He had only seen her twice, because he usually had to work in the blacksmith shop. It was very odd he lived on Azia his whole life and he only saw her two times, the first was in the yearly festival and both of them were only ,then (at age 10) he went into apprenticeship to his uncle Harold ,the village blacksmith at the time, ( so he couldn't attend the festivities on account of him helping his uncle) and the second time that Sasha saw Shakira was when she was 1, at her mother's funeral. He heard that the princess grew up from being a cute little girl into a beautiful woman. But he always thought of her as spoiled, and mean to people less wealthier that her family. But then again he heard from his mother that she is kind, and that she helps everybody in need. Basically Sasha was anxious to meet the legendary Princess Shakira. He was so deep in thought that he forgot that he was burning the iron in the fire ,to soften it up, so he leaned a little too much over the fire and his shirt caught on fire the sudden tingling up his arm brought him back to earth, he quickly grabbed the nearby bucket of water and poured it on his burning shirt. "oh chickenpox,…I burned my favorite working shirt again, mom isn't going to be too happy about this" Just then he heard the wheels of the small, old horse-drawn wagon nearing the house his family was back from the market they bought a gift for the princess.

Shakira was worrying about what to wear for the ball. Everything that day seemed so unreal, she didn't feel a year older but her father told her that day, that she grew so fast and that she is starting to look like her mother ,Queen Alisha, more and more. Shakira felt so sorry for her father, in a year or so she would be married and her father won't have as much time to spend with his only daughter. But the last 5 years he's been teaching her how to be a good Queen, and Agnomenon had been talking a lot about his death but Shakira never wanted to listen so whenever he began talking about death she would make up an excuse that she has a big head ach and needs to go lay down but She always felt as if he could see right thru her lies. Shakira was really excited that her father decided on planning a Ball for her birthday, this showed that her father now saw her as a woman not a girl the only other time she had a ball was the day of her birth and when she turned 1, the which was a month before her mother's horrible death. She looked sadly into the mirror remembering her mother's death she remembered it like it was yesterday; Her mother was sitting in the throne room next to her father and Shakira standing beside her mother. They were listening to a poor peddler's plea to lower the taxes on the land ,for farming, and all of a sudden her mother turned to her, and said "whatever happens to me, take care of your father and don't be afraid of fighting for what you know is right, and never give up." Then the throne room filled up with a green light and vines started growing in the center of the room. Alisha stood up and ordered , " Agnomenon take Shakira and leave, run to safety." But King Agnomenon started to argue but Queen Alisha said, "for the life and safety of our daughter". Go thru the secrete passage and hurry! By then Shakira could make out a ,tall, figure of a woman and fairy like wings behind it, all this was outlined with different glowing green; she also remembered hearing an evil laughter it faded as they entered the passage the peddler also went with them. Shakira tried to scream for her mother but she was to scared to blink, she felt the ground shake and tremble but her father and the peddler didn't even pause and she remembered being carried by the peddler, he was trying to calm her she didn't remember any of the words he said to her. Then all went black in her eyes when she heard her mother's anguished scream. Shakira wiped tears from her eyes ,"I can't let father see me sad on such a happy day, he tries to make everything better and happier for me, so I can't let it show that I was thinking of mother, I will put these feelings deep in my heart."

By the time she put on her beautiful blue dress, and washed the tears away it was time for the Ball to begin. She walked down the wide castle hall with a bad feeling in the pit of her stomach. As Shakira entered the grand ballroom she grew happier at seeing all the town folk there waiting for her and she saw the feast set out and the mountain of presents from pretty much everybody in town.

Sasha entered the ballroom in awe, he never saw so much splendor in his whole life, so much people. His mother, Sandi, told him to stop gaping and find a seat as close to the princess a possible. He immediately put his present in the crook of his arm and found the seat directly beside Shakira's seat. Everybody found their seats and waited for the King and Shakira to enter. They entered and everybody bowed in respect, Sasha couldn't take his eyes away from the beautiful princess. Shakira noticed right away the handsome youth that was sitting next to her, she turned to him and said, "what is your name?" He answered her very coolly like he was comfortable around her and as if he knew her his whole life. Shakira was surprised at how comfortable she felt in talking to him. The people all ate except Shakira and Sasha, they talked pretty much about her life as a princess, and Sasha realized that she was nothing what he expected, and she never realized that there were( great, understandable, and cute) guys on the island. King Agnomenon stood up to make a toast, and just then the room filled up with green light. Shakira stopped talking and both him and her looked at the center of the room. Shakira stood up and Sasha took out the sword that his uncle gave him before he died. Both of them stood side-by-side knowing deep in their hearts what was going to happen next. Sasha , in a flash Remembered how his uncle was killed, he remembered the same green light and the last words that he said to him before he died, protect the jewel of Azia with this sword it will kill whatever stands in the way of you and your future. And as Ivy came into focus ( she was a little rusty with her spells) she laughed at what she saw in front of her. Well two young kids stood in her way . meanwhile the room was clearing of people as they ran to find safety among the forest, everyone except the two heroes and the King. "You won't get away with killing another of whom I love, cried out Shakira" ,in a voice she didn't recognize as her own. And you won't get away with killing off any more people that we all hold dear to our hearts", Sasha said in an angry voice. "my uncle died for protecting the sacred jewel of Azia, and I will die for the same reason if I have to". But I'll be dammed if I let you put 1 scratch on her ,the jewel of Azia that is.. Shakira. The king at this time ran in to join the fight, but Shakira told him to run to safety, but he replied ," no my beloved , I will not, you r mother told me to protect you and I will all of us will be able to defeat Ivy once and for all!" Shakira kept hearing a familiar voice in her head that told her exactly what spells to throw out at Ivy. Ivy laughed at them but was slowly getting beat down by the energized group, with her last efforts she wrapped some vines around Shakira's legs and pulled her towards her, and started trying to escape by using the vanishing spell and Ivy wrapped vines around the King and Sasha's legs to hold them back but Sasha used the magical sword to hack away at the unbreakable vines, and he got out just in time to save Shakira and stab Ivy right into the center of her evil lonely heart. And Ivy fell dead onto the floor and the unconscious Shakira fell into Sasha's arms , Ivy had just enough strength before she died to inject Shakira with some poison ivy root ,they say that you can not cure the poison, but as Ivy lay dead King Agnomenon freed himself from the vines an d rushed to his daughters side, he prayed to his dead wif to give him the spell t cure Shakira from deaths deadly kiss, and deep in the kings heart he heard the voice of his wife lovingly tell him that only true love can cure this, and as the king told this to Sasha, Sasha bent over Shakira and with all his heart and love in his kiss she rose up and passionately kissed Sasha back. Sasha proposed right then and there to Shakira and the king consented, and gave his blessings to them. And they lived happy and prospered.THE END Please note that this sample paper on Jewls of azia is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Jewls of azia, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Jewls of azia will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Functional areas of business and how they are integrated

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Briefly describe the main functional areas of a business and explaina) why they need to be integratedb) how organisations attempt to integrate themIn this essay I plan to show if general management does integrate other functional areas of an organisation. In a medium sized business, there are several different functional areas or departments that need to work together in order for a business to perform to its full potential. If this does not happen then a business will not achieve its maximum profit level. These main functional areas include production, marketing, research and development, sales, human resources, accounting and finance, and management. Some of these functional areas are directly linked to more than one other area, as will be discussed shortly.

Production, as defined in The Complete A-Z Economics and Business Studies Handbook 'is the process of organising resources in order to meet a customer requirement'. Not all businesses have a production department, it depends on whether they sell goods or services. That is to say the production team in businesses that have them, must make goods which will satisfy its existing and potential customers. The production department therefore needs to integrate with a number of other departments in order for this to happen. It must firstly liase with the marketing area, so as they can produce goods that the company has researched and found out that people want to buy. They must also integrate with the sales area so that they know what their optimum output levels should be. The business neither wants a surplus nor a shortage in their stock levels as this would damage their sales and ultimately their profit.The definition of marketing as given in The Complete A-Z Economics and Business Studies Handbook is 'the all embracing function that links the company with the customers tastes to get the right product to the right place at the right time'. The marketing area of a business could be thought of as the crossover point between production and sales. These three functional areas of a business need to integrate fully with each other for the business to thrive. If the marketing area does not let the production team know what the customers want, then they will have very little idea of what to produce. Likewise, if the marketing area does not promote the products that a business is trying to sell well enough, that is to say they are not reaching their target audience, the sales team will have great difficulty in trying to sell the business's stock.The sales area of a business is a high pressure environment. There are targets to meet, stock turnover to think about and they relaying of information back to other functional areas as to what the customer thinks of the service and products they are getting. The are able to do this because the sales department is usually the only part of a business that a customer will deal with directly. Therefore, again the marketing and production functional areas need to integrate fully for the business's benefit.The research and development functional area would not be apparent in every business, but it should be integrated closely with many of the other functional areas in businesses which have one. This department is concerned, as its title suggests, with developing both new and current products to suit customers needs. They would have to integrate fully with the marketing and sales areas to find out current trends. It would also have to integrate with the accounting and finance department because the company does not want to spend money developing a product that will not help the company's position in their market.The accounting and finance department is responsible for the monetary affairs of a business. In this area, other functional areas are given their budgets, and records kept of their accounts. The accounting area provides reports for the other areas of the business so that they can improve methods of practice in order to improve the profitability of the business. It would be fair to say that the accounting and finance department has to integrate with all the other functional areas of a business because they all need a financial input of some kind in order to work effectively. The other main area that the accounting and finance department is responsible for is the distribution of wages to the business's employees. If this is not done efficiently, there will be negative effects on the workforce and the company's performance will decline. Likewise if the company does not employ the correct people for the tasks that need to be done, this will also reduce the business's performance.This area of the company is the human resources area. It is defined in The A-Z of Economics and Business Studies Handbook as 'the responsibility of using and developing the organisations personnel in the most productive way'. This means that the human resources area of a business will have to integrate with all the other areas of a business in order to find out what criteria must be met in order for an employee to be suited for a particular job. This may mean recruiting from outside the business. This department will also keep records of all employees in order that they receive appropriate training for the relevant areas in which they are working. Again the human resources area will have to integrate with each department and find out what employees must know and use records already kept to see if the employee has done, or is yet to do such training.All of these areas are overlooked by management. As the quotation suggests, this functional area does differ slightly in that it must integrate with each and every other area for a business to run well. It is down to the general management to make sure that all the other areas are integrated properly. Usually in a business there will be departmental managers who report directly to the general management, and their role is to inform the general management of how well or how poorly their department is running and also how well they are integrating with other departments.Organisations can attempt to integrate the other departments by using various different leadership or management styles. The three styles most commonly used are autocratic, democratic and paternalistic. The autocratic or authoritarian style of leadership puts forward the idea that the general management of a business should make all of the decisions, that is to say the policies and procedures of a business are left with the head of the organisation. The employees would therefore have a strict set of guidelines on how to go about their tasks. This could be upset however, if some employees do not think that the management are making the right choices. It may prove more difficult to integrate areas of a business using this method because the employees may feel that they are having to take orders so that other areas will benefit, and this may lead to unwanted rivalry between functional areas. In a democratic management, the basis of decision making is done between management and the main functional areas of the business. That means that any ideas which are put forward by the management are either voted on or discussed, and a decision is reached after this process has taken place. The management may also choose to delegate a decision to a particular functional area, and leave the choice up to the people who are going to have to follow it. This my be wise when a management group does not have sufficient knowledge to make a decision confidently. This may be seen as the best way to integrate different functional areas because the decisions that are made involve the people who will action them, and it also suggests that more integration will take place between functional areas in order for these decisions to be reached.The other commonly used management style is paternalistic. This is quite similar to the autocratic style, in that the decision is made by the management, but they will then explain to staff why they have made such choices. In this type of leadership, delegation is not commonly used. Because the paternalistic style is very similar to the autocratic style, it could be argued that a comparable outcome might come from its use. Only the fact that the decisions are explained to the workforce may indicate some sort of smooth integration between functional areas.Another less commonly used style is matrix management. This involves taking one or more members from one functional area and teaming them up with members from other functional areas, so forming a separate area. The employees in this new functional area now, though, have two management departments to report to. This may cause conflicts but is obviously a good way of integrating different areas. It is suggested that Japanese businesses have made good use of this method.In conclusion, I would argue that, as the quote suggests, organisations can attempt to integrate their various functional areas, but only if the management style chosen by the company is used to its full advantage. As has been shown, there are various different styles of management, and the style adopted depends on the nature of the organisation and on its objectives as to whether the functional areas listed earlier will integrate well. All organisations look for a management style that will maximise integration and ultimately improve the organisations profits. Please note that this sample paper on functional areas of business and how they are integrated is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on functional areas of business and how they are integrated, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on functional areas of business and how they are integrated will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Flower in the Crannied Wall by Alfred, Lord Tennyson

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Flower in the crannied wall,I pluck you out of the crannies,I hold you here, root and all, in my hand,Little flower - but if I could understand

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What you are, root and all, and all in all,I should know what God and man is. (Flower in the Crannied Wall by Alfred, Lord Tennyson) Tennyson says that if we can understand a flower, then we would know who we are and what the world is. Observing and understanding a flower can thus be considered an important process. However, different people see things in different ways. Given a certain object there are various ways it can be examined and described, according to the observers approach and his / her reaction to it. Perception depends on the experience of the observer, the result of combining sensation and interpretation, and on the basis of his/ her knowledge. Taking a flower as the object which is being observed, a biologist, an economist and a poet would approach knowing about it using different methods and aims, according to the field of study each one of them draws his knowledge from. The biologist might be interested in determining the characteristics of the structure of the flower, in order to be able to classify it and to analyse its adaptation to the environment. Biology is a natural science which deals with the study of living organisms and vital phenomena. As a science, it deals with facts that can be examined, quantified, proved. The classification of flowers into different categories, for example, is based on observations and experiments in order to determine recurring characteristics. In order to be able to understand the group the flower which is being observed belongs to, the biologist would attempt to identify its relevant structural features. He would analyse it observing its distribution, its habitat, its reproduction (eg. whether it has an attractive colour and scent in order to attract insects and lead to pollination) and its propagation, its importance to lifestock and wild life. The biolgist will want to categorise it and this is all concerned with pure science. Whereas, applied science is concerned with, for example, finding out how the flower can be used in medicine or as food. The following is an example of a description of a lupin flower by a biologist. He concentrates on describing the structure of the flower in order to determine its type and how its structure corresponds to the type of pollination it undergoes There are five sepals but these are joined together forming a short tube. The five petals are of different shapes and sizes. The uppermost, called the standard, is held vertically. Two petals at the sides are called wings and are partly joined together. Inside the wings are two more petals joined together to form a boat-shaped keel. The single carpel is long, narrow and pod-shaped, with about ten ovules in the ovary. The long style ends in a stigma just inside the pointed end of the keel. There are ten stamens, five long ones and five short ones. Their filaments are joined together at the base to form a sheath round the ovary. The flowers of peas and beans are very similar to those of lupins and they all belong to the family of Leguminosae. As a natural sciece, biology bases itself on empirical knowledge sense data, observation, investigation and experimentation, which lead to the establishment of laws. Empiricism is the view that knowledge comes from experience, through our senses. While observing the flower, however, the biologist will expect everything he finds out to fit in with what is already known about flowers, as scientists tend to see what they expect to see. In science, novelty emerges only with dificulty, manifested by resistence, against a background provided by expectation. Initially, only the anticipated and usual are experienced. - Kuhn. This relates to the fact that science cannot be completely objective. Scientists have to decide where to look and this limits their options. An economist would observe and analyse the flower from another perspective. He would probably be interested to find the market tendency of the respective type of flower, i.e. its supply and demand on the market. The aspects which he would probably take into account are the time of year the flower is available, the advantages and disadvantages of the commercialization of the flower, the requisites for its cultivation (eg. special conditions hothouse/ coldhouse/ glass roof/ forced light) and production (home-produced/ imported from other countries), competition from artificial flowers and the price elasticity of demand for that flower. Economics is a social science, so it implies humans interacting with each other in one way or another, but is also searching for general laws and some degree of rigour in the methods used. Similarly to the natural sciences, the same distinction between pure and applied science can be found when dealing with social sciences. In economics, for example, the pure economist is engaged in trying to establish hypotheses, laws and theories to describe and explain economic behaviour, while the applied economist is putting these discoveries into practice on behalf of governments, businesses or individuals. Unlike the two scientists, a poet or an artist, would probably observe and describe the flower according to the feelings, memories and images it arrises in him. He would see it as a symbol, he would not limit himself to describing the external aspect of the flower, but relate it to thoughts and ideas that come into his mind. The one below is an example of how Borges, a poet, addresses a rose and relates it to his vision of the worldYour fragile globe is in my hand; and timeis bending both of us, both unaware,this afternoon, in a forgotten garden.Your brittle shape is humid in the air.The steady, tidal fullness of your fragrancerises up to my old, declining face.But I know you far longer than that childwho glimpsed you in the layers of a dreamor here, in this garden, once upon a morning.The whiteness of the sun may well be yoursor the moons gold, or else the crimson stainon the hard sword-edge in the victory.I am blind and I know nothing, but I seethere are more ways to go; and everythingis an infinity of things. You, you are music,rivers, firmaments, palaces and angels,O endless rose, intimate, without limit,which the Lord will finally show to my dead eyes.( from The Unending Rose by J. L. Borges ) In his poem, Borges uses the qualities of the flower (e.g. fragile, brittle) to remind us of our emphemeral nature and of the passing of time. He projects his thoughts on the rose and sees in it our aspirations, the manifold nature of life.The poet is not interested in the flower as much as in man and in life. As Tennyson mentions in his poem that trying to understand even a little flower means trying to understand the whole world and finding the answers to all the questions, Borges uses a similar concept in observing the rose. He sees the rose infinite, unending like the Universe and its mysteries. He contrasts two different ways of looking at life, one of a young child full of hope and dreams and his, an old man, by relating them to the ways in which they perceive the flower. Hence, age and experience become two important factors in determining the approach to a flower, together with the field of study the observer comes from. In this case, the child would probably examine the flower and ask questions about it. His approach would be rather similar to a scientists determined by his curiosity and desire to know everythinhg. The old man would consider the flower differently, depending on his experience and perception, on his memories and feelings. While looking at the different approaches to knowing a flower a scientist, an economist and a poet might have we must not forget, however, that a single individual might also look at it from different perspectives. The fact that a biologist will observe the structure of the flower and try to classify it doesnt mean that he wouldnt be able to admire the beauty of the flower as an artist does. The following example can illustrate this point it is part of a speech delivered by a quantum gravity specialist Paul Davies People often ask me whether being a scientist robs my world of romance, whether in my rush to analyze the physics of light and air I miss the splendour of the sunset. I dont miss the splendour of the sunset. I watched the sun set from Henley Beach last week-end in rapture, waiting - unsuccessfully as it turned out - to see the famous green flash. I would turn the question on its head and ask whether the beauty of the sunset may distract us from discovering a still beauty of the underlying mathematical physics. But you dont have to choose you can celebrate both. Hence, different fields of study might have various methods of approach and describe the same object, phenomenon etc. quite differently. The important thing is to remember is that we should not limit ourselves by looking at something from a single point of view, but from different perspectives, in order to achive a better understanding of it. Please note that this sample paper on Flower in the Crannied Wall by Alfred, Lord Tennyson is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Flower in the Crannied Wall by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Flower in the Crannied Wall by Alfred, Lord Tennyson will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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