Assess Augustus' Principate

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Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Assess Augustus' Principate, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Assess Augustus' Principate paper at affordable prices!In 44 BC, a young boy named Gaius Octavian received two pieces of shocking news. Number one His grandmothers brother, the Roman dictator Julius Caesar, had been murdered. Number two In his will, Caesar had pronounced young Octavian as his heir. As it was dangerous for anyone, let alone an inexperienced, 18 year-old boy, to try to step into the dictators shoes, he was advised not to take the risk by his family, however Octavian audaciously went to Rome to claim his inheritance. Here he met his opposition in the form of the powerful politician Mark Antony, who had seized Caesars money and papers and was claiming to be Caesars loyal heir and successor. Nevertheless, Octavian accepted the name Gaius Julius Caesar, swiftly won the loyalty of many of his great-uncle's supporters, and assumed a role in government. Initially, Octavian worked with Mark Antony; as a matter of fact, Antony even married Octavians sister, Octavia. But in due course the ambitious Antony combined forces with the ruler of Egypt, Cleopatra VII, and divorced Octavia. Seeing this as his chance to get rid of Antony, Octavian declared war on Cleopatra. Octavian overpowered Antony and Cleopatras forces at the Battle of Actium in 1 BC and went on to conquer Egypt. Both Antony and Cleopatra committed suicide, and Octavian used Cleopatras assets to strengthen his power. Within the 0 years subsequent to Julius Caesars death, Octavian was the ruler of the Roman Empire. In 7 BC the Senate gave him the title Augustus, meaning, revered."In my sixth and seventh consulship, after I had put out the flames of civil war and by universal consent had become possessed of the control of affairs, I transferred the state from my own power to the will of the senate and people of Rome. For this service I received by decree of the Senate the name of Augustus."

Augustus (Res Gestae) The Augustan Principate was ultimately responsible for the "Pax Romana" otherwise known as the Peace of Rome. There are copious benefits that Augustus brought to the citizens of Rome and Italy for the period of his reign and also paid an excessive amount of consideration to Public Buildings and Works. Augustus used the money he received from the "Proceeds of Booty" to subsidize these public buildings and works yet he still encouraged leading citizens to "Embellish the city …according to their means." SuetoniousAugustus makes many claims in his memoirs, 'Res Gestae', that he "found Rome a city of brick and left her as a city of marble." It would appear that under the Augustan Principate, everyone was content because they had the assurance of peace and they thought the idea of rebelling against something that seemed so constructive would be so foolish"He attracted everybody's good will by the enjoyable gift of peace…nobody had any immediate worries as long as Augustus retained his physical powers …and the peace of the Empire." TacitusThe Romans felt safe because after countless years of civil unrest, Rome was now in control and flourishing. The fact that Augustus was in power for so long reinforces the impression that he was the bringer of peace, people trusted him and is why he "Excelled all in influence, although I possessed no more official powers that others who were my colleagues in several magistracies." Augustus (Res Gestae)Already one achievement that stands out before Octavian takes the title of Augustus is the closing of the Gates of Janus on Octavian's return to Rome in BC. Janus is the double-faced god of gateways, doorways, transitions, and beginnings. According to ancient Roman tradition, the gates dedicated to Janus in the forum were opened whenever Rome declared war, consequently ensuring good fortune for the troops as they marched out on battle. When no wars were being fought, the gates would be closed, symbolising peace. Romes history being what it was, the gates of Janus had been closed only two times prior to Augustus/Octavian's day.Augustus relied a great deal upon the Senate to manage the state. The Senate had given all of Augustus' powers to him. Ultimately the Senate controlled the Executive, Legislative and Judicial areas of the Empire however there was no division of Power as Augustus used his position as princeps senatus to have the final say. Always the subtle manipulator, Augustus carefully selected titles for himself and his administration that were entirely inoffensive. He called himself Princeps, or First Citizen; his government was the Principate, or rule of the First Citizen. Nothing happened without Augustus authorisation as he regularly held the consulship. In BC he resigned the consulship, which he had held every year since 1 BC. In return, he received the two most formidable powers of the Roman republic - the tribunican veto and the consular imperium. In fact, his imperium was made superior to that of all other proconsuls. The powers he now held were extraordinary, simply because they were held by only one man. By the end of his reign all but one of Romes legions were under his direct control. From the end of 7 BC until 1 BC, Augustus was absent from Rome reorganising the provinces, first in the west and then in the east. In 18 BC his imperium was renewed for five years. From 16 BC to 1 BC he was again absent, strengthening and extending the northern frontiers. His imperium was renewed for another five years when he returned. The provinces were governed either by imperial legates responsible to the princeps or by proconsuls selected by the Senate. Overall, it is fair to say that the provinces, whether public or imperial, benefited very much from Augustuss reign. Not only had be brought them peace, he also brought them good government. Augustus was able to reform the administration of Rome and the provinces under his newfound titles, together with establishing an urban praefecture (local government) that endured for centuries. He had the senate moved from being the chief organ of the state to being a subordinate entity. Augustus had to make sure that his real power was not constantly thrown in the face of the senators, hence his tact in dealing with them.After the death of Lepidus in 1 BC Augustus was elected the chief priest, (Pontifex Maximus). He sought nothing for himself; he was no Julius Caesar. Undeniably, he often expressed reluctance to accept offices and honours that struck him as too much, and occasionally he refused them outright. The Augustan Principate would not be over-looked as the key factor of Rome's success. Augustuss ultimate legacy, however, was the peace and prosperity the empire was to enjoy for the next two centuries under the system he initiated. In sharp contrast to Caesar, Augustus constantly had one eye on aristocratic sensitivities, not wanting to insult the nobles by openly grabbing too much power. After all, he did not want to unintentionally end up like his great-uncle. Please note that this sample paper on Assess Augustus' Principate is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Assess Augustus' Principate, we are here to assist you. 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The Wheatstone Bridge

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Introduction In 1843 the English physicist Sir Charles Wheatstone (1802-1875) found a bridge circuit for the measurement of electrical resistances. In this bridge circuit, known today as the Wheatstone bridge, unknown resistances are compared with well defined resistances (1). The Wheatstone bridge is well suited also for the measurement of small changes of a resistance and, therefore, is also suitable to measure the resistance change in a strain gauge. It is commonly known that the strain gauge transforms strain applied to it into a proportional change of resistance. The relation between the applied strain ( = L/Lo) and the relative change of the resistance of a strain gauge is described by the equation (Equation 1)The factor k, also known as the gauge factor, is a characteristic of the gauge used for strain measurement and is to be checked experimentally (2). Below, the Wheatstone bridge circuit will only be considered with respect to its application in strain gauge techniques. Two different presentations are given in fig. 1: a) is based on the original notation of Wheatstone, and b) is another notation which is usually easier to understand by a person without a background in electrical or electronic engineering. Both versions are, in fact, identical in their electrical function.

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(Figure 1)The four arms (or branches) of the bridge are formed by the resistors R1 to R4. Input and output (the four nodes) are numbered and color coded according to HBM standards which is used throughout in all types of transducers and instruments. If the nodes 2 (black) and 3 (blue) - the energizing diagonal - are connected to a known voltage UE (bridge input or energizing voltage) then a voltage UA (bridge output voltage) appears across the so-called output diagonal, the nodes 1 (white) and 4 (red). The value of the output voltage depends on the ratio of the resistors R1 : R2 and R4 : R3. Note 1- 1: For the sake of clarity it is more convenient to consider the ratio of the output and the input voltage UA/UE. Therefore, the following equations are based on this ratio. Generally the equation (Equation 2)is valid, and for the case of the balanced bridge we have (Equation 3)Note 1-2: In all practical cases where strain gauges are used, the state of the balanced bridge is reached with more or less deviation. Moreover, all instruments designed for strain gouge measurements are equipped with balancing elements which allow to set the indication to zero for the initial state. This allows to use the equation (3) for all further considerations. Another assumption is that the bridge output remains unloaded electrically. The internal resistance of the instrument connected to this output must be large enough to prevent noticeable errors. This is assumed for all further considerations. If the resistors Rl to R4 vary, the bridge will be detuned and an output voltage UA Will appear. With the additional assumption that the resistance variation Ri is much smaller than the resistance Ri itself (which is always true for metallic strain gauges) second order factors can be disregarded. We now have the following relation (Equation 4)Note 1-3: For practical strain gauge applications the pairs Rl, R2 and R4, R3 should be equal or all four resistors Rl to R4 should have the same nominal value to ensure that the relative changes of the individual bridge arms are proportional to the relative variation of the output voltage. It is not significant whether Rl and R4 (or R2 and R3) have the same or a different nominal value. This is the reason for assuming always R1 = R2 = R3 = R4 = R. The latter is valid when constant voltage is used for bridge excitation. Substituting equation (1) (LR/R = k x c) in (4) we find (Equation 5)The signs of the terms are defined as follows (see also fig. 2): With the given polarity of the energizing voltage UE: node (2) = negative, (3) = positive, we will have positive potential at point (1), negative potential at point (4), if Rl > R2 and/or R3 > R4. We will have negative potential at (1), positive potential at (4), if Rl Please note: The changes of neighboring strain gauges are subtracted if the sign is equal, they are added if they are of opposite sign. This fact can be used for some combinations or compensation methods which will be discussed in detail separately. Consequently, the amount of the strain should be considered with respect to its effect on the resistance R. "Greater than " or "smaller than " must be used in an algebraic sense and not only for the amounts, for example: +10 m/m > +5 m/m; +2 m/m > -20m/m; -5 m/m > -50 m/m. Note 1-5: Special features of strain measuring instruments. Here we would like to review the instruments commonly used in strain gauge measurement techniques. Equations (2) to (4) assume that a resistance variation in one or more arms of the bridge circuit produces a variation of the relative output voltage UA/UE. As a final result of the measurement this is only of limited importance. Since the actual strain value is more interesting, most of the special instruments have an indicator scale calibrated in "strain values". The strain value 1 m/m = 1 x 10 (-6) m/m is used as the "Unit", on older designs you may also find the designation "microstrain". All these special instruments are calibrated in such a manner that the indicated value * is equivalent to the actual strain present, if only one active gauge is in one arm of the bridge (quarter bridge configuration, see section 2) and if the gauge factor k of the gauge used corresponds with the calibration value of the instrument. The bridge arms 2, 3 and 4 are formed by resistors or by passive gauges. This means in fact, that 2 = 3 = 4 of equation (5) are zero and can be omitted. Some instruments are calibrated with a fixed gauge factor of k = 2, others have a "gauge factor selector" which can be set to the actual gauge factor of the gauge. With the condition k(gauge) = k(instr), we will have the indicated strain value equal to the measured strain * = 1. (Equation 6) If an instrument with a fixed calibration k = 2 is used, measured values must be corrected, because gauge factors may vary with the grid material and grid configuration. The correction formula is 1 = *(2/k). (Equation 7) For all further considerations these special features will be neglected since they are not necessary for a basic understanding of the bridge configuration. Further details may also be taken from the operation manuals of the instruments. Please note that this sample paper on The Wheatstone Bridge is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The Wheatstone Bridge, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on The Wheatstone Bridge will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Notes on Congress

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Chapter 6Congress

- Article 1- Creates a bicarmel legislature

- One Senate - One House - Article 1 Section - House of representatives - # based on participation (45) - Requirements - 5 Age - National citizen for seven years - Selection

- year terms

- /5 clause, altered by 14th amendments Section - House of Senators - # based on participation (45) - Requirements - 0 Age - National citizen for years - Selection - year terms

- hoping to create stability Impeachment - Section Electoral Politics - Incumbency - politicking - Gerrymandering - Incumbent Backlash allowed for state

- Political Action Committee (PAC)

- Federally registered fund-raising group that pools money from individuals to give to political candidates and parties

-who do they have to contend with? Split-Ticket Voting

The act of voting for candidates from different political parties for different offices Tendency of Highly educated White Men does this hurt minorities? Descriptive representation? Y

- principle that legislative bodies should resemble the demographics of the constituencies they represent Substantive representation? N

- principle that legislative bodies should represent the substantive interests of their constituencies regardless of the demographic composition of the constituencies they representCongressional Organization Congressional parties Caucuses

Party LeadersConstitutional Leadership House of Representatives The speaker of the house Senate Chair, no vote unless tie President Pro Tempore (in VP's absence)House of representative speaker of the house - presiding officer of the House - Elected at the begininning of each congressional session on majority vote

- Hence, the speaker of the house is a member of the majority party Majority Leader - Helps schedule legislation Majority whip - Serves as communicator between party leadership and the rank and file - Responsibilities Poll members, prepare bill summaries Minority Maj and min work together Leadership Party leaders are coalition builders not autocrats Party leaders can only lead if others are willing to follow TO be effective, leader must follow as well Committees The workhorses of the legislature Decentralized power structure

To help reach power goals Types - Joint

- A permanent congressional committee made up of members of both the House and the Senate that does not enjoy and legislative authority bill, instead, monitor specific bills,

Select (or Special),

- Temporary committee created for a specific purpose and dissolved after completion of tasks

Standing,

- permanent legislative committee specializing in a particular legislative area that have stable memberships and jurisdictions

Conference

- temporary joint committee of the House and Senate appointed to reconcile the differences between the two chambers on a particular piece of legislation

- differences because of size, procedure, constituency, and tenure

- what values does committee system emphasize?

Enhance pluralism as members try to get on the committees dealing with issues of special importance to their constituents

Reflects the bipartisan nature of Congress and thus reflects The Legislative Process- Bill drafted- Introduced in Senate/ House - Referred to committee - Hopper in Reps, Senate clerk or at any time- In committee - Hearings Information Gathering To have permanent public record To put a human face on a problem Who testifies - Interest groups, academic experts, Members of Congress, executive branch officials, Celebrities, and even ordinary citizens - Markup congressional committee session at which a bill is revised before being reported out to the floor - reported out Senate / House Floor - Conference committee On to the PresidentThings to worry About in the Legislative Process Being killed in committee Discharge Petition - A portion that gives a majority of the House of Representatives before a particular bill is brought to the floor, thereby preventing a bill from coming to the floor until the hold is removed Hold - A tactic by which a senator asks to be informed before a particular bill is brought to the floor, therby preventing a bill from coming to the floor until the hold is removed Filibuster - A formal mechanism of halting action of a bill by means of long speeches or unlimited debate in the Senate - A motion requiring 60 senators to cut off debate - Must allow voices to be heard before the fact Veto - Sign - law - After 10 days, becomes piece of law - Veto Overridden Not overridden - Not Law

Pocket VetoLine- Item Veto authority of a chief executive to delete part of a bill duly passed by the legislature, typically involving taxing and/or spending provisions

Other Important Congressional Activity Oversight of federal bureaucracy Oversight The process of reviewing agency operations to determine wether agency is carrying out Congressional policiesWith all those legislators, how do they ever get things done?Formal and Un-formal NormsRules Committee in the House to govern floor debateUnanimous consent agreements in the Senate?

Unanimous resolution in the senate restricting debate and limiting amendments to bills on the floorInformal Norm Members are to show respect for another in their public deliberations Members of Congress are expected to be willing bargainersHow do legislators make up their mindsPolitical Parties party is not strongthe President heavily involved in legislation Lobbies Congress heavilyConstituents

Ever congressman wants to get trelected also want to be "good representatives of legislatorsInterest groups Source of informationEnhance if interest group active in member''s district or stateShould a repesentative be a trustee or a delegate?Trusteeview that legislators should constituent opinion but must be free to vote according to their consitiuentsDelegates tare duty bound to act with majority view of their consititents.What do legislatures do?What does this do for majoritarainist or pluralismDelegate v TrusteeDelegate highly pluralisticNo guarantee legislator will be majoritarian but they will be les closely tied to the narrow interests of their districts and states. Please note that this sample paper on notes on Congress is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on notes on Congress, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on notes on Congress will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Topic: "We feel for Griet, who glimpses possibilities beyond her limited life, but is condemned never to reach them." Discuss.

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The drama of the novel Girl with a pearl earring, centers around the tension created between what people want and what is permitted, especially when it comes to the main character, Griet. She is very much 'bound' because of her lower class and poverty. Chevalier has skillfully brought to life an imagined character, whose situation and behaviour are quite true to the novel's historical setting. Griet suffers considerably, in a number of ways (in which we feel for her), including her being forced to go into service because of her family's poverty, her being mistreated in the Vermeer household, her being looked down on despite her obvious abilities knowing that if she follows her instincts with the artist she will be damned, and so on. Although Griet suffers a great deal of unfairness, she develops throughout the novel and learns to deal with the situation she is dealt.Griet is illiterate and comes from a poor family. The truth is she never really had the option of being categorized as a 'lady', the term given to the wife or daughter of a rich man. In that era, Griet was limited to doing only the domestic work that every girl would have learnt in the home. She has no career prospects. She has only one seemingly 'escape' route, that being Pieter and his willingness to marry and provide for her. She is also being pressed to accept Pieter as a suitor, despite the fact that she doesn't want him. This is because she is her family's only hope for a more comfortable life. After all, "a butcher's wife- and her parents- would always eat well". Thus, we feel for her, as she isn't able to live outside this square that is her life's limits. Griet's involvement with the master Vermeer (whether emotional or artistic), leads to the creation of a very insightful Griet one that, in another time, might have been an artist too. After all, her father is a tile maker and she has an intuitive visual sense too. However, the unfairness of Griet not being able to realize her potential is again emphasized. She feels she should not help the master because doing so would heighten Catharina's jealousy, a woman that holds power over Griet. This girl possesses a high degree of intelligence, often pointing things out to Vermeer, even moving things around so that the composition of the painting becomes "balanced". All of this advice Vermeer accepts. She has a keen eye, firstly seen in the opening chapter of the book, where she places the chopped vegetables in a neat colour wheel. No wonder Maria Thins refers to her as a "clever girl". However, the distress of this restriction (that she cannot pursue this interest further) is additionally sharpened by our and her realization that she is this clever, artistically gifted girl. She is allowed to glimpse the rich world of art and work alongside a great master like Vermeer, but she is then forced to go her own way condemned never to reach her artistic desires.Van Leeuwenhoek can see the potential in Griet and hence urges her to remain herself, to not get so lost in the world of Vermeer, who "sees the world only as he wants it to be, not as it is." Vermeer changes Griet; he makes her think she may have a chance. He turns her into that 'lady', from the moment he mentions her wearing the pearls. He cares more for the painting of Griet rather than her own person. She realizes this and thinks Vermeer has "ruined her." The secret portrait of Griet is symbolically giving her to the rich man, van Rujiven, in return for the money the artist makes, and van Rujiven's continuing patronage. There is no hint whatsoever in the text that Vermeer was even thinking about giving up his wife, his family, his link to society through his art, just so he could be with Griet. He saw himself as much too much of a respected member of community to do so. Their liaison, the course of her painting, could never be more than a man and his mistress relationship- and not even that, seeing as Vermeer was surrounded by a household of women, and possessed little money himself. That leaves only a dalliance between the two, and one as much of the mind as the body. The painting being finished, Griet begins to "cry silently". She knows what has happened that she has had a glimpse into possibilities beyond her limited life, she has had a taste of them, but she will never be permitted to reach them. For that, we feel for her. She returns to the eight-pointed star and ponders her options. There was only one option there that was truly possible for her to undertake it was the "choice she knew she had to make."

Cheap research paper on Topic: "We feel for Griet, who glimpses possibilities beyond her limited life, but is condemned never to reach them." Discuss.

Life for Griet throughout the course of this novel could be debated as being unfair indeed, she is condemned to never reach the possibilities which she glimpses that are beyond her limited life. However, note that she emerges intact and well taken care of. She is pretty, made to live forever in a painting, married to a prosperous merchant, her brush with notoriety forgotten, with two boys and no fear of hunger. In comparison to poor Tanneke and the widow Catharina, she has come out of this the victor. Griet chose the only way open to her, as would have been open to any similar girl living during that time. She chose the safety of a marriage to a man who loved her. She chose the socially acceptable role of wife and mother. Any other path chosen would have jeopardized her reputation, with the potential of leaving her a "fallen woman". While we feel for Griet never being able to enter those possibilities she dreamt of, we find solace in that deep down, given her circumstances, we knew she would never reach them and rejoice because she has made the most of her situation. Please note that this sample paper on Topic: "We feel for Griet, who glimpses possibilities beyond her limited life, but is condemned never to reach them." Discuss. is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Topic: "We feel for Griet, who glimpses possibilities beyond her limited life, but is condemned never to reach them." Discuss., we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on Topic: "We feel for Griet, who glimpses possibilities beyond her limited life, but is condemned never to reach them." Discuss. will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Accounting in Australia

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BAO16

The Practicing Accountant & Technology

First Assignment Semester /00

BAO16 The Practising Accountant & Technology

Background

For the last 6 years, I have been employed within the WorkCover Division of a claims management company, that being Wyatt Gallagher Bassett Workers Compensation P/L (WGB).

To understand my current role, some background information regarding the WorkCover industry in Victoria needs to be provided. In Victoria, the State Government controls the WorkCover scheme. The government body that oversees the WorkCover scheme is the Victorian WorkCover Authority (VWA). The administration of the system is performed by a select number of claims specialists/insurance companies who have successfully tendered for a licence from the VWA. The role of these companies is to act as agents to the VWA, this role involving answering premium queries, managing claims, collecting premium, etc. on behalf of the VWA.

My Position Premium Account Manager

My role is that of a Premium Account Manager. I am one member of a team of approximately 15 people who are charged with handling WorkCover premium related matters. I work within a call centre environment, taking phone calls, responding to letters received from employers, etc.

My job requires me to register WorkCover policies for new employers, explain premium calculations, review business activities for classification purposes, advise on legislative requirements associated with the Accident Compensation Act 185, etc.

Quality Control

WGB is a large corporate organisation, and due to its contract with the VWA, must be viewed to be diligent on such matters as quality control. Many parallels can actually be drawn between the operations of WGB and the Professional Standards and the Code of Professional Conduct that accountants must adhere to.

APS 4 'Quality Control' advises an accountant on desired quality controls that need to be implemented whilst conducting their work. Many of these quality controls are present in my workplace.

Professional Independence upon commencing my job, I was required to complete a questionnaire that asked questions about any potential conflicts of interest I may have with any existing WGB clients. The purpose of the questionnaire was to identify any potential conflicts of interest, to ensure that the professional service of WGB was not compromised.

Assignment of Personnel to Engagements meetings with clients to discuss their premiums and management of their claims occurred on a frequent basis. As these meetings could be quite technical, it was mandatory that both a senior and junior officer attended meetings.

Guidance & Assistance senior staff and management are readily accessible to assist with any difficult queries.

Professional Development every Tuesday morning is spent attending training sessions, to enable staff to remain current with changes in the WorkCover scheme and to develop us professionally by increasing our knowledge and skills.

Inspection & Review the majority of work performed by myself is reviewed and inspected by either a senior officer, a manager or by the internal auditor. Work is reviewed on its accuracy and its timeliness.

APS 5 'Quality Control Policies & Procedures' outlines the policies and procedures to be followed by an accountant on their engagements to ensure a professional service is provided. All work conducted by staff of WGB is governed by procedures, that are formally documented on paper and placed in accessible areas around the workplace (refer attached example of procedure for registration of a Cover Notes).

APS 6 'Statement of Taxation Standards' outlines the principles under which the accountant must operate. Foremost the accountant must be aware of accounting regulations and guidelines, be technically competent and up to speed with any relevant changes. My role requires me to be knowledgeable on the Accident Compensation (WorkCover Insurance) Act 1 and The Corporations Law. As WorkCover is a government scheme, it is a legal requirement that an employer take out a WorkCover policy. Frequently, an employer will enquiry about their legal liability, for example, if they employ someone overseas. The information I provide needs to be accurate and backed by the relevant legislation, to enable employers to make informed decisions.

Improving My Role

My role could be improved in the following ways

 Exposure to other areas my knowledge regarding WorkCover is mainly isolated to the premium area. There are various other areas within WorkCover that I have not received an exposure to, they being claims management, occupational health and safety, injury prevention, etc.

 Working groups believe working groups should be formed for the purpose of reviewing standards and procedures currently in place to make sure they are current and void of any errors;

 Personal Development training on public speaking, letter writing skills, dealing with difficult clients, etc would be beneficial from a customer service point of view.

Applicable Legislation

There are various guidelines and regulations that companies in Australia may or may not need to abide by. Whether they do or don't will depend on the nature of the company in question.

WGB is a Proprietary Limited company. It is not listed on the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX); therefore it is not subject to the listing rules the ASX have formulated.

It is required though to comply with the AASB standards that are issued by the Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB). AASB standards are regulations that have the backing of legislation, and compliance with these standards is a requirement by law for certain companies when preparing their financial statements. The Australian Securities & Investments Commission (ASIC) enforces compliance with the AASB's, under the auspice of The Corporations Law, Section 4. Whether a Proprietary Limited company is required to comply with AASB standards does depend on the size of the company. A Proprietary Limited company must comply with AASB standards if it satisfies two of the following

• Has in excess of 50 employees;

• Gross operating revenue exceeds $10M;

• Gross assets exceeds $5M;

As WGB satisfies all the above criteria, they are required to comply with AASB standards.

There also exists Australian Accounting Standards (AAS) that are not mandatory for firms to comply with, but are mandatory for practicing accountants who may be preparing the financial reports for WGB. They are mandatory by the virtue of the accountant's membership with a professional body, such as the Australian Society of Certified Practicing Accountants (ASCPA) and Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia (ICAA).

Bibliography

• Deegan, C. 00, Australian Financial Accounting, Third Edition, McGraw Hill Australia P/L, Roseville

• Parker, C. & Porter, B., 00, 00 Australian GAAP, Seventh Edition, Parker Publishing, Melbourne

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