English

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Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in english, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your english paper at affordable prices!In Fae Myenne Ng's novel Bone, the symbolism of paper and bone are very symbolic and meaningful. In the novel, these two objects have a deep significance towards the meaning of the whole "Chinese immigrant" situation. The reference of paper in the novel symbolizes a lot about the past and how it is important to value and remember it. Paper also becomes identification and something that is used to give life and prove Leon's existence. Bones may not seem as important for people who have no immigrated to another country. For the rest of us, and especially for Chinese immigrants living in a western society, the bones of the ancestors are very important and mean a lot if they are brought back to the homeland to bury. Being Chinese and raised in a western society is not very easy, and being Chinese, I find that many of their situations that they have been through are a lot like the ones that I have experienced.

Throughout the novel, there are many references and indications about paper. Paper is very important especially to Leon because being a man whose legal identity is based on a piece of paper; it has become more important to him than anything else he owns. Leon came to America on a ship and had to falsify papers in order to make him legible to stay in the country. For Leon, living "in this country, paper is more precious than blood" (p.). Paper is the only thing that gives life and existence to Leon, so he values all the documents that he has. Paper proves important in Leon's life because one time when he was going to apply for social security, he was not recognized because he did not have the proper documents with him. Without those false papers, Leon is socially and economically powerless in a white American society. The following quotation describes how his papers have a greater meaning and also give him power

All the letters addressed to Leon should prove to the people at the social security office that this country was his place, too. Leon had paid; Leon had earned his rights. American dollars. American time. These letters marker his time and they marked his endurance. Leon was a paper son. (p.58)

Other than providing existence, the papers that Leon kept reminded him about the past, which was something Leon also treasured deeply. When Leila opened Leon's suitcase, it was as if she was entering his past. She gets quite frustrated at first and considers the idea of gathering all Leons papers, burning his secrets and maybe his answers, and then scattering the ashes into the bay (60). Leon had kept everything, from rejection letters, old photos to old newspaper clippings. Leila said that seeing those old letters "held a truth about Leon I wasn't sure I wanted to know" (p.58). She eventually comes to understand and realize that Leon kept all these things because "he believed time mattered", the "old made good". Leon even had a tradition of honouring paper, and described how writing is "sacred". For Leon, saving all of his papers is essential because "for a paper son, paper is blood" (p.61).

Bones are something that carried a lot of symbolism to the story as well. There are many references to them and they give a lot of meaning in Leila's family. The Bones that are mainly mentioned are the ones that belonged to Grandpa Leong. To Leon, he believed that all the bad luck in their family resulted from the fact that he did not send Leong's bones back to China as he had promised to. So whenever anything went wrong, like losing a job, their bad business in the Ong and Leong laundry, and even Ona dying, Leon would "blame the bones". There was a time where Leon sort of lost it and went back to the cemetery to look for the bones that belonged to Grandpa Leong. But Leon could not locate them and all he did was shake his head and say "'no more, no more'" referring to the lost bones. Other than Grandpa Leong's bones which were mentioned in the story, I noticed that pigeon bones were also talked about in the novel. When Leila talked about how they ate pigeons when they were young, there was one line that Mah said which really stuck out. She said "bones are sweeter than you know" (p 1). The interpretation that I got from this sentence was Mah telling her daughters to value their bones and who they are, to not take anything for granted because she wants "clean bones, no waste".

For a Chinese family living in a western society, paper and bone are important symbols of life. The papers that Leon owns give their family existence, value, and roots. They remind the family that they are Chinese and how hard it was to come and survive in a foreign country with so much expectation from friends and relatives in their homeland. More importantly, the papers symbolize the past, filled with achievements and humiliation, something that they should never forget because "the past gives power to the present". Bones are something that means a lot to the Chinese. Bones bring respect and also symbolize a time period. Having your bones being brought back and buried in your home country is very special because it signifies where your family was established. There is an old Chinese saying that the blood came from the mother and the bones from the father (105) and that fates can be divined by the weighing of our bones (15). That is why it is so symbolic to them.

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