Hamlet Oral Presentation, Madness

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Don't read too quickly. Good luck xxxxx.

Y- We think madness is a really important theme in the play. Throughout the story-line there is the question of Hamlet's madness, is it genuine or not?

H- At first we think Hamlet's madness may have been believable but as he carried it on it seemed more obvious that his madness was part of a plan. Hamlet's plan was to get revenge on Claudius; he would do whatever it takes. Would madness help him with this?

S- We think that maybe he thought if he exaggerated being crazy then he could get away more things than a sane person could. People may be more lenient towards him and his actions if they thought he was mad.

Y- We think Hamlet realised that he could probably speak more freely, critically and openly if he came across as a madman and in turn people may also speak to him in that way. However saying that, madness may have been the only way that Hamlet could have coped with his problems; maybe this wasn't all part of a big plan?

H- We think it was much more likely melancholy and anger rather than madness. Hamlet was enraged, sometimes happy and sometimes furious. But, we think he was more 'mad' as in angry, rather than true unconscious madness.

S- In the play he may have been called mad and described as 'suffering from madness' but we think today in a more modern world that Hamlet's behaviour would probably be described as 'emotionally disturbed' or 'manic-depression' these phrases are much more widely used nowadays rather than using the more final word 'mad'.

Y- We think that Hamlet's strange kind of 'madness' was noticed by some characters in the play, Claudius for one suspected that Hamlet was not quite mad….

H- 'Nor what he spake, though it lacked form a little, was not like madness'

Y- Other characters also noticed his strange behaviour but were they convinced that it was real, or not? You can decide for yourselves by observing Polonius' reaction to Hamlet in this scene.

S- We will now read an extract of the play which we have mostly translated into more modern English.

Scene from play

S- That scene was when we think that Hamlet first shows obvious signs of abnormal behaviour. Was this madness or all part of an act? Did it start off as true madness, and then later on Hamlet thought he could use it to his advantage?

H- We think that sometimes Hamlet did go mad, or at least severely lose control. But at other times he probably was quite alright, this is when we think he was likely to play on his madness. He realised that people knew that his behaviour was odd and whilst he was sane he could use this to get what he wanted revenge.

S- On the whole we think Hamlet swayed between madness and sanity throughout.

Y- Comparing Hamlet's madness to Ophelia's madness, we think that they are quite different. Hamlet was still able to think and plan and seemed like he could turn his madness on and off. Ophelia couldn't control what she was doing, she seemed totally unconscious from the 'real world' and her actions. We think this is a good example of true madness.

H- Ophelia was driven to madness by a number of things, at the start of the play she smiled and laughed and was perfectly sane. We think she started to tip over into insanity when a chain of unfortunate and horrible things started to take place.

S- We think it stemmed from her brother Laertes leaving, and then Hamlet's cruel treatment of Ophelia, taunting and verbally abusing her, rejecting her.

H- 'I loved you not; get thee to a nunnery why wouldst thou be a breeder of sinners?'

Y- 'Or if thou wilt needs marry, marry a fool, for wise men know well enough what monsters you make of them.'

S- Finally her father Polonius was murdered….by Hamlet. We think this was the last straw for her; she went mad. Even when Laertes came home she did not change. Maybe if he was there when Polonius died and when Hamlet mistreated Ophelia then he could have helped her through it, made her see it in a different way, and then perhaps she wouldn't have gone mad.

Y- We think Hamlet's reason for this bad treatment of Ophelia was possibly a way of getting back at someone for the murder of his father. He obviously didn't blame Ophelia but maybe he could let out his aggravation and anger and make himself feel better when someone else was suffering as well as him.

S- We also think that Hamlet may have used Ophelia to get back at all women.

H- We think that Ophelia's innocent but tragic story plays on the audience's emotions strongly. Shakespeare knew what he was doing here and did it well and made this an unforgettable element in the play.

Well done xxxxx

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The Four Theories of Political Elites

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The question that four theories of Political Elites attempts to answer is that "who...governs and to what ends?" Each political theory poses valid arguments on the topic of control and influence, even though all the theories vary from one to another these hold some similarities with each other. Theories from political thinkers such as Karl Marx, and his Marxist theory, CW. Mills and the idea of The Establishment, Max Weber and the theory of the Bureaucrats, and the Pluralist theory are the four theories of the Political Elite and though they seem to differ greatly there is still some room to spot similarities. The Marxist theory, based on the teachings of Karl Marx, is centralized on the struggle of power between "capitalists and workers." It is the view that sees the ability to govern in respects to who holds control over the economy. The government, according to Marx, is "a piece of machinery," meant to, "express and give legal effect to the underlying class interests." In listening to the view one might assume that capitalists are the ones that govern this country, which might as well be true, yet this idea conflicts with the theory of Max Weber, a German historian and sociologist that seems to have views similar views with Marx but criticizes him for not including some other key points to complete a more accurate theory of elitism. Max Weber spoke of the Bureaucrats as the ones that to govern and "operate government agencies from a day to day basis." The reason for Weber's criticism of the Marxist views is because of the emphasis Marx put on control over the economy and thus control on government. The view of Webber was that Marx had "neglected the dominant social and political fact of modern times. Webber viewed that complete control of the government had long since fallen into the hands of the bureaucratic agencies that specialized in the management of "contemporary affairs." Webber could also see certain advantages and disadvantages to having living in this bureaucratic state. He saw that rationality would be the driving force behind the decisions of the bureaucratic agencies, yet Webber also foresaw that the power of these agencies would eventually become too massive and "overpowering." The idea that there was only one actual governing force was an idea not adopted by CW. Mills as can be seen in his theory of the Establishment. In CW Mills theory of the Establishment there are three main governing powers that be: corporate leaders, top military officers, and a small number of key political leaders. Mills believed that it was withing these forces that the major governing took place. The rationality that the entire country is controlled by a small faction of people is not an uncommon one many have believed in the ruling force an elite minority. Wilson argues that "Government is dominated by a few top leaders" these leaders which, he argues enjoy great advantages, wealth and prosperity, yet Wilson also argues a different point of view. He argues a pluralist theory in which Wilson states that it is not just a small factions that do the governing but a great network of people and institutions that involve practically every one.

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The pluralist theory greatly contrasts that of the views that Mills had. The pluralist theory centralizes on the fact that it is not only a minor fraction that holds governing power but many other influence the power of government as well. Government institutions are a good example to the pluralist theory explaining for the variations in power from mayors to managers, legislators and governors, even judges and the president, all work together in order to govern over the masses. Yet this theory does not mean to say that there is complete equality among the governing powers, Wilson argues that all decisions, under a pluralist government are "majoritarian" and thus cannot be equal. Thus we can see how the theories contrast and compare, all having valid statements and points of view but with a twist. The comparison between the theories of Marx, Weber, Mills and Wilson all serve to present a different point of view as to how the government works today. Please note that this sample paper on The Four Theories of Political Elites is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The Four Theories of Political Elites, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on The Four Theories of Political Elites will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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IMMEASURABLE

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They had volunteered to kill themselves in the belief that they would be the famous frontline of an avenging force. Now the Kamikazes had struck the first blows and indefinite delays were being declared, causing the men to feel that their lives were to be squandered. And on the battlefields knowing their deaths were near, the Japanese waited for American soldiers to find their dugouts so they could kill as many Americans before their own deaths. Lack of presidential skills, bad relations with the Russians and racism were mere scapegoats for the atomic bomb being dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August of 145. President Harry Truman knew that without a fierce attack of two atomic hits to Japan, would come more endless games to play, more casualties to suffer, and an unsure victory to come. The game was in play, Japan knew they had lost the war but they were still playing with the United States. 'Studies by the Japanese themselves had concluded that the war was lost by January 144' (data reference #4). The Japanese had known that it was a hopeless state for them, the war was not theirs, but it did not seem to matter. As thousands of our soldiers were being killed by Japanese found hiding in foxholes, the Japanese did not have a single glitch of a peaceful yield. The beliefs of Japan and of America were in complete opposition. Japan had a stronger arrangement of beliefs that dying for their country and leader at any means was right, whereas America didn¡¯t believe in such suicidal values. The fact that not a single Japanese unit surrendered during the course of the war (data reference #4) indicates the unwilling spirit of resign. Rather they had their own plans of dying; departing with a purpose, like the kamikazes whose planes brutally killed and inflamed soldiers and war materials. Or stories of Japanese soldiers pretending to surrender and suddenly killing as many Americans before taking their last breath. Truth is Japan was not ready to finalize war and weren¡¯t ever contemplating it.As the death toll of soldiers rose so did the fatherless families and homeless children. 'No one was sure if the bombs would work. But after such huge human costs in the war, Truman and the military were ready to bring the war to an end in a manner that would save the most lives' (Data reference #7). As the war wasn¡¯t coming to a close, a November invasion was in plan against mainland Japan. With this invasion it was fixed that hundreds of thousands of men from both ends were inclined to receive more death notices and painful grievances. It is not difficult to see a conclusion that without further war there would be no further deaths, making both Japan and America on the receiving end of gains. Although the atomic bomb would kill many Japanese civilians it would be the only way to stop the Japanese. And in the long run the lives saved from the surrender of Japan would be great. A military record estimates that if the invasion was taken place in mainland Japan 65,000 lives could have been lost (data reference #7). With constant fighting we can assume that soon our soldiers would become exhausted and military numbers continue to taper and the American society deepen into a war economy and life style. Quickly leaving us with no choice but to surrender ourselves to the Japanese. By April of 145 it had been declared that the number of casualties had been a tripled amount of the bloody World War 1, this being before the four long months to come before the ending of war (data reference #). Americans were home waiting on their loved ones to return, and mentally unstable from fear and anxiety from living in a society with ration stamps and wartime products. The American people were holding President Truman on a thin string, if the people said 'no more' than certainly the president would have had no more word in the war but to raise the white flag. Tired of watching friends killed by the undrainable Japanese probably placed a great toll on how much longer they were willing to fight.

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As the second bomb 'Fat Man' hit Nagasaki, Emperor Hirohito said 'Bear the unbearable and surrender' (data reference #8) and it was at last the end of the war with Japan. Unfailingly the hopes of ending war with fewer casualties, victory, and most importantly all games being ended. President Truman and his notable decision of bombing Hiroshima and Nagasaki was truly what saved America from a fatal position in time.

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Elodea Lab

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Dara Ghasemizadeh

Period 1 AP Biology

/1/0Dissolved Oxygen and Aquatic Primary Productivity Lab

College papers on Elodea Lab

Introduction Oxygen is essential to the lives of many organisms. In the atmosphere there is quite an abundance of oxygen. While in the aquatic environment there is not as much. In the aquatic environment there only exists oxygen in it's free state, or dissolved oxygen (DO). Both chemical and physical factors can affect the amount of DO in water. Factors such as salinity, pH currents, and especially temperature can affect the DO. Biological processes photosynthesis and respiration can also affect the amount of DO in the water. The measurement of DO usually determines whether the biological activities requiring oxygen are occurring. In this lab we will be using the aquatic plant Elodea in samples containing different amounts of DO. We will be performing the light and dark method to measure the amount of DO. The change in DO concentration over time is a measure of net productivity. The use of bottles placed in light and dark environments is necessary in this lab. The difference over time for the light and dark bottles is a measure of gross productivity. We will need to perform the Wrinkler method in our expirement. This involves adding various chemicals such as alkaline iodide and manganous sulfate to our samples. This should determine the amount of DO in the water. Hypothesis I believe that the nutrient enriched samples will have greater productivity than those that are non- enriched. I also predict light intensity to increase the amount of productivity.Purpose and Objectives1. To understand the physical and biological factors that affect the solubility of dissolved gasses in aquatic ecosystems.. To define primary productivity.. To describe the relationship between dissolved oxygen and the processes of photosynthesis and respiration as they affect primary productivity in an ecosystem.4. To understand the affect of light and nutrients on photosynthesis.Materials & Equipment- 4 glass containers- buret- ringstand and clamps- pond water with Elodea- rubber bands- aluminum foil- manganous sulfate (MnSO4)- potassium hydroxide- potassium iodide (KOH- KI)- Sulfuric acid (H SO4)- Sodium thiosulfate solution- Starch- Nitrogen enrichment solution Procedure As directed on "Dissolved Oxygen and Aquatic Primary Productivity Lab" Except For 60mL BOD bottle

Add 1 drops MnSO4 1 drops KOH- KI Cap bottle and mix.Teacher adds drops of MH SO 4 Titrate 0 mL sample (Fill sample bottle to 4cm)

Add -4 drops of starch Titrate with Na- Thiosulfate until clear.ResultsGross productivityNet productivityRespiration Rate % Light Gross N-Enriched Net N-Enriched 100% 0.15 0.1 0.06 0.1 65% 0.15 0.18 0.06 0.0 5% 0.1 0.14 0.04 0.06 10% 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.01 % 0.06 0.07 -0.0 -0.0 Discussion1. Yes, most of the samples are light limited. This is mainly to show the effects of light depletion on photosynthesis and respiration of Elodea. We found that the darkened plants showed less production in terms of dissolved oxygen (DO). . Yes, likewise the samples were nutrient- limited. More than half of the samples were non- nutrient enriched. This is to test the effects on nutrient- limited Elodea and its photosynthesis/ respiration rate. By being nutrient- limited might have an affect on the plant's use or need of DO.. I can determine that productivity in terms of light intensity is that the productivity is greater as the light intensity increases. I can determine that productivity in terms of nutrients is that as nitrogen enrichment causes the productivity to increase. As described on my graph the nutrient non- enriched sample showed less productivity than that of the nutrient enriched one.Conclusion I found my hypothesis to be correct. The nutrient enriched samples had a higher productivity rate than those non- enriched. I found this surprising. Since nitrogen is said to decrease the amount oxygen productivity in terms of respiration. Which is what we were measuring. I mentioned that an increase in light productivity creates greater oxygen productivity which is right. I believe we had obscured data because we added the wrong amount of a certain solution. We ended up having poor data. For this reason our calculations ended up being incomplete so we were unable to determine the exact amounts of respiration or gross and net productivity rates Please note that this sample paper on Elodea Lab is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Elodea Lab, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Elodea Lab will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Duddy

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on duddy. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality duddy paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in duddy, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your duddy paper at affordable prices with !Duddy Kravitz - Following A Dream

Reach for the stars, is a common phrase many children hear in their

life, whether by parents or role models in their lives. If a person

puts their mind to a task at hand they can accomplish it most of the

time, but when the goal is achieved and the path is taken to achieve

the goal is crowded with hate and lies, the question arises; was it all

worth it? In Mordecai Richler^s novel, The Apprenticeship of Duddy

Kravitz, Duddy Kravitz, his uncle Benjy and Jerry Dingleman (The Boy

Wonder), are all able to achieve their life long dreams, but we must

examine if their sacrifices were worthy of the prize. Benjy strived

his entire life to create a profitable business, raise a family, and

make his father, Simcha, proud to be his father. Now, Benjy was able to

make his business grow and become beneficial to all that were close to

him. He was able to provide his nephew, Lennie, with a University

education to help him on his way to becoming a doctor, and also gave

Duddy a job working at his factory. These sound like descent things to

do for your own family, however when Duddy worked for Benjy he never

treated him with respect. This treatment towards Duddy did not help

Benjy^s reputation with Duddy, who already thought Benjy favoured

Lennie. As well, sending Lennie to University was a very thoughtful and

expensive thing to do for him, but according to Duddy, ^Lennie never

wanted to be a doctor^ You forced him!^(41).

Shannon

This idea of Lennie never wanting to be a doctor was evident when he

ran away from school. Lennie could not take the pressure put on him by

Benjy, but he wanted to make Benjy proud and by doing so almost got

kicked out of school and ruined his life. The reason that Benjy was

doing all this for his nephews was because he could not have any

children, with his wife due to complications. Benjy started out doing

something nice but ended up trying to live his life through his

brothers. In the end Benjy attains cancer and is sinking towards death

with no one to inherit his life long achievement, his factory. No one

will take over his business in the family because Lennie is too busy,

Max-his brother- is too uninformed about it and Duddy has a certain

disliking for him. Duddy had lost his respect for Benjy due to the fact

that Benjy always ridiculed him. Benjy made his father Simcha believe

he had failed as a father because Benjy is nothing with all his money.

After all of Benjys hard work and determination he cannot even pass the

business on in the family because of his treatment of others on the way

to and at the top. Duddy wanted to own land after hearing his grandpa

say, ^A man without land is nobody^(48). To achieve this goal he led a

crooked life; even as a child he conned companies. By doing odd jobs

like this he does gain experience for life but he has no where to go

with this kind of experience except down. Then when he was able to find

the land he desired he did everything possible to retrieve the land. He

tried to be like Jerry Dinglemen at first, but he himself led a crime

filled life; taking advantage of innocent people, and dealing drugs.

His life was never very legal and he was always looking behind his

back, and this was Duddy^s role mode.

Shannon

Also, Duddy had lost the respect and trust of his close friends and

family in his journey to achieve his land. He lost the approval of his

friends when he became too self-indulged and forgot all about Yvette

and Virgil. He then lost all trust in everyone when he purchased the

last bit of land, by stealing the money from Virgil, and then refusing

the help of anyone else. The worst part about his losses was that he

was warned on many different occasions, for example, ^You^re too sure

of yourself^(10) and ^I knew you^d get your fingers burnt one

day^(51). Even Benjy realized that he, himself, had gone wrong but

Duddy did not heed his warnings, ^I was wrong because there was more,

much more^(8). He was warned on countless occasions to take it slow

but it did not work. All the effort Duddy put towards his life was to

make his grandfather proud, but he ended up hurting him and losing his

respect. These dreams of the characters were completed but were the

consequences worth the struggle? There is no suggestion that one should

not follow their dreams and pursue goals of life, but it makes the

reader think. Benjy realized his struggle was not worth the end result

but it was too late. Jerry Dinglemen, unfortunately may never learn

that his life of felony is not worth the hassles. The life of a

criminal can end in an instant and you could be left with nothing, left

to die a lonely man. Duddy still may have the chance to reconcile with

his family if he tries really hard because he still has much time left

in his life. He has to realize that material things are not everything

and family and friends are much more important.

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